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Gale, S.J. 2003N Making the European landscape: early contact environmental impact in Australia 7-16M Geography's New Frontiers: Geographical Society of New South Wales Conference 17% University of New South Wales, Sydney' Geographical Society of New South Wales Redhead Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, sediment modelling, other dating, Cs dating, coastal, Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England tablelands% http://www.gsnsw.org.au/Frontiers.pdf ? Johnson, A. G. 1997 Sydney University of New South WalesW Mill Creek, Hawkesbury Valley, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire PhD ` ? 1 Williams, N.J.
Harle, K.J.
Gale, S.J.
Heijnis, H. 2006e The vegetation history of the last glacial–interglacial cycle in eastern New South Wales, Australia 735-750 Journal of Quaternary Science 21i coastal, Redhead Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, sediment modelling, palynology, last glacial cycle, polleno We present a reconstruction of the vegetation history of the last glacial-interglacial cycle (ca. 75 k cal. yr BP-present) at Redhead Lagoon, an enclosed lake basin in coastal, eastern New South Wales, Australia. The sequence of vegetation change at the site is broadly comparable with the pattern of climatically induced changes observed in many other pollen records in southeast Australia. Open woodland-herbland and woodland-forest communities correspond with glacial and interglacial periods respectively, with an additional change towards a more open understorey vegetation assemblage over the last 40 000 yr. The driest conditions appear to have occurred during the height of the last glacial (some time between 30 and 20 k cal. yr BP). This is consistent with other records from southeast Australia, and provides support for a poleward shift in the subtropical anticyclone belt and, less certainly, for the thesis that the Southern Hemisphere westerlies intensified during this period. In marked contrast to most sites in southeast Australia, Casuarinaceae dominates the pollen record through the height of the last glacial period and into the Holocene. The postglacial climatic amelioration is accompanied by the general reappearance of tree pollen in the record, by the disappearance of several open and disturbed environment indicator taxa, by increases in organic sediment deposition and pollen taxon diversity, and by higher water balances. While climate appears to have been the major control on patterns of vegetation change at this site throughout most of the last glacial-interglacial cycle, changes in depositional environment and hydrology have also played a role. Significantly, substantial increases in the rate and magnitude of many indicators of environmental disturbance since European settlement suggest that humans are now the most important mechanism for environmental change. F http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/113374835/ABSTRACT 10.1002/jqs.1069F http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/113374835/PDFSTART? Haworth, R.J 1994 European impact on lake sedimentation in upland eastern Australia: case studies from the New England Tablelands of New South Wales Armidale The University of New England sediment modelling, Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, New England Tablelands, Black Mountain Lagoon, 210Pb dating, radiocarbon dating, palynology, pollen, palaeolimnology PhD, ? % Gale, S.J.
Haworth, R.J.
Pisanu, P.C. 1995U The 210Pb chronology of late Holocene deposition in an eastern Australian lake basin. 395-408 Quaternary Science Reviews 14 Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, New South Wales, 210Pb dating, palaeolimnology, sediment modelling, other dating, palynology, geochemistry, NSW, pollen, 210Pb dating, charcoal, fire, magnetic susceptibility9 We report here the results of detailed 210Pb analysis of a sequence of lake sediments from Little Llangothlin Lagoon on the New England Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. 210Pb dating has been rarely employed in Australia and prior to this work no attempt had been made to evaluate the method using independent dating techniques. The chronology of deposition in the lake has been modelled using the Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) and Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) methods. Changes in the palynology and geochemistry of the sediments can be closely matched with well-documented historic events in the lake catchment. The dates of these events have been used to assess the modelled chronologies. Within the limits of resolution of the sampling interval, there is good agreement between the chronology modelled using the CRS approach and the dates inferred for geochemical and palynological events in the sequence. The CIC method provides a less successful match with the historical record, although the differences between the dates derived by the two models are small. ' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBC-40T9M2P-6&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1995&_alid=582215884&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5923&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=d9125617efa72676039d3a7e4860411c! doi:10.1016/0277-3791(95)00033-X ?
Smeulders, D. 1999 Sydney University of New South Wales5 Hopwoods Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire Honours* No further reference information availableB? Gale, S.J.
Pisanu, P.C. 2001A The late-Holocene decline of Casuarinaceae in southeast Australia 485-490 The Holocene 11 salinisation, salinization, New England tablelands, New South Wales, NSW, Little Llangothlin Lagoon, 210Pb dating, palynology, pollens In a seminal paper, Crowley (1994a) attributed the decline of Casuarinaceae in Australia during the period of European contact to soil salinization, itself the product of vegetation clearance and raised groundwater levels. However, the post-contact Casuarinaceae decline in the New England area of northeast New South Wales was not associated with salinization. Instead, there is strong evidence that the decline was caused by the preferential use and clearance of these trees by European settlers. Direct human impact must therefore be added to the list of causes of the late-Holocene diminution of Casuarinaceae in Australia. 10.1191/095968301678302922 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=10&did=791264921&SrchMode=3&sid=4&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1180425484&clientId=20870&aid=1 ? Gale, S.J.
Haworth, R.J. 2002} Beyond the Limits of Location: human environmental disturbance prior to official European contact in early colonial Australia 123-136 Archaeology in Oceania 37z Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, New South Wales, archaeology, palynology, 210Pb dating, erosion, pollen= http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=200302842;res=APAFT ISSN: 0003-8121? Tibby, J.C. 2004r Assessing the impact of early colonial Australia on the physical environment: a comment on Gale and Haworth (2002) 144-148 Archaeology in Oceania 39z Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, New South Wales, archaeology, palynology, 210Pb dating, erosion, pollenD http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200506629;res=APAFT ISSN: 0003-8121 F? 2 Gale, S.J.
Haworth, R.J.
Cook, D.E.
Williams, N.J. 2004C Human impact on the natural environment in early colonial Australia Archaeology in Oceania 39 148-156 Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, New South Wales, 210Pb dating, palaeolimnology, palynology, geochemistry, NSW, pollenD http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200506630;res=APAFT ISSN: 0003-8121 f?
Gale, S.J.
Haworth, R.J. 2005p Catchment-wide soil loss from pre-agricultural times to the present: transport- and supply-limitation of erosion 314-333
Geomorphology 68r Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, New South Wales, erosion, sediment modelling, 210Pb dating, NSW A high-resolution record of catchment-wide soil loss for the period c. 1806–1990 has been obtained from Little Llangothlin Lagoon on the New England Tablelands of northeast New South Wales, Australia. The mean annual rate of mineral erosion since the time of European contact in the late 1830s was 269 t km−2. The mean rate of mineral denudation immediately prior to this was 25 t km−2a−1. In the 25 years after the arrival of the first sheep in the catchment, erosion rates increased by a factor of over 50 to 1360 t km−2a−1. After c. 1861, however, there was an apparently sharp transition to a new, low and very constant rate of denudation, 52 t km−2a−1. Eighty-five percent of post-contact erosion thus occurred in the first quarter of a century of European land use.
The low and constant erosion rates of the last century or more cannot be attributed to stable environmental conditions, to a decrease in land use intensity or to the introduction of soil conservation measures. Instead, it is possible that early colonial erosion almost entirely depleted the catchment of erodible material with the result that erosion moved from a transport-controlled regime to one that was limited by the rate at which catchment material was made available for transport by weathering. Alternatively, the high, early colonial rates of erosion may have been associated with the extension and deepening of the drainage net during the initial phase of European contact. The subsequent establishment of a new drainage net equilibrium may have reduced soil loss to a low and stable level.
Much of the evidence available to test these competing hypotheses is equivocal. Nevertheless, the gullying model must be rejected, first because there is no evidence of past or present dissection of the catchment surface, second because gullying would seem incapable of providing the highly constant rate of sedimentation that has prevailed in the basin over the past century or more and third because the gullying model cannot explain the step change from high to low rates of sedimentation in the basin. Further support for the supply-limitation hypothesis comes from the concordance between likely rates of soil formation in the catchment and rates of sedimentation in the lagoon.
These conclusions have implications for our cognisance of the role of supply-limitation in geomorphological processes, for soil conservation practice and for our understanding of the long-term impacts of agriculture on soil erosional systems.
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V93-4FD79RJ-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F01%2F2005&_alid=582370401&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5887&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=7808ee7f91e0e02e9e8e8d35d010b00b#SECX9# doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.10.008 +?
Cook, D.E. 2006Y A 2000 year record of environmental change from Tocal Homestead Lagoon, eastern Australia Sydney The University of Sydney Cs dating, 210Pb dating, radiocarbon dating, Tocal Homestead Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, sediment modelling, palynology, pollen PhD %? Gale, S.J.
Cook, D.E. 2006O The 210Pb chronology of deposition in Tocal Homestead Lagoon, eastern Australia 40-43 Quaternary Newsletter 110 Tocal Homestead Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, sediment modelling, Cs dating, magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry?
Kershaw, A.P. 1970D A pollen diagram from Lake Euramoo, north-east Queensland, Australia 785-805 New Phytologist 69 3Z Lake Euramoo, Queensland, Qld, palynology, radiocarbon dating, pollen, Atherton Tablelands Pollen analysis of organic sediments from a crater lake in north-east Queensland provides a vegetation record from 10,000 B.P. to the present day. An initial sclerophyll vegetation was succeeded by rain forest about 7600 B.P., probably under increasing effective precipitation. Rain forest then persisted to the present day changing progressively from a 'warm temperate' to a 'dry subtropical' kind, almost certainly as a result of an increase in temperature.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1970.tb02463.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1970.tb02463.x http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/showPdf?submitPDF=Full+Text+PDF+%2812%2C082+KB%29&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1970.tb02463.x
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Haberle, S.G. 2005T A 23,000-yr pollen record from Lake Euramoo, Wet Tropics of NE Queensland, Australia 343-356 Quaternary Research 64 Lake Euramoo, Queensland, Qld, palynology, radiocarbon dating, charcoal, pollen, Atherton Tablelands, 210Pb dating, magnetic susceptibility, chironomids, LOI, diatomss A new extended pollen and charcoal record is presented from Lake Euramoo, Wet Tropics World Heritage rainforest of northeast Queensland, Australia. The 8.4-m sediment core taken from the center of Lake Euramoo incorporates a complete record of vegetation change and fire history spanning the period from 23,000 cal yr B.P. to present. The pollen record is divided into five significant zones; 23,000–16,800 cal yr B.P., dry sclerophyll woodland; 16,800–8600 cal yr B.P., wet sclerophyll woodland with marginal rainforest in protected pockets; 8600–5000 cal yr B.P., warm temperate rainforest; 5000–70 cal yr B.P., dry subtropical rainforest; 70 cal yr B.P.–AD 1999, degraded dry subtropical rainforest with increasing influence of invasive species and fire.
The process of rainforest development appears to be at least partly controlled by orbital forcing (precession), though more local environmental variables and human activity are also significant factors. This new record provides the opportunity to explore the relationship between fire, drought and rainforest dynamics in a significant World Heritage rainforest region.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-4HGN4P0-3&_user=554534&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005&_alid=582385665&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=2f866093daf72d04a0ea4a9ca18c4988 doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.013
? 5 Haberle, S.G.
Tibby, J.C.
Dimitriadis, S.
Heijnis, H. 2006u The impact of European occupation on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem dynamics in an Australian tropical rain forest 987-1002 Journal of Ecology 94 Lake Euramoo, Queensland, Qld, charcoal, chironomids, diatoms, palynology, macrofauna, macrofossils, pollen, Atherton tablelands, tropical Queensland, fire, AMS, radiocarbon dating, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, pinus, magnetic susceptibility, LOI] The long-term impact of changes in land use, fire and climate on species diversity in Australia are only just beginning to be understood. We combined fine-resolution palaeoecological proxies for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to investigate the responses of a tropical rain forest catchment over the last 700 years.
2 Sediment cores were sampled at 1-cm intervals to a depth of 100 cm from Lake Euramoo on the Atherton Tableland of north-east Queensland, dated and analysed for pollen, charcoal, diatom, chironomid and inorganic content.
3 The pollen and charcoal record shows a rapid loss of forest diversity (particularly the long-lived taxa Agathis and Podocarpus) and increased burning coinciding with the arrival of European settlers. The aquatic environment is also subject to rapid changes at this time, with a possible increase in pH and subsequent shifts in local algal and insect communities. This event was outside the historic range of variability in both rain forest and aquatic communities.
4 The present mosaic of vegetation types is a complex function of environmental changes operating across a range of spatial and temporal scales: millennial climate change, short-term climatic variations associated with El Niño events and, most significantly, a shift from indigenous to 'European' land-use practices, including clearance and burning activities associated with the timber and farming industry between about ad 1880 and 1920.
5 The establishment of a World Heritage reserve around the lake catchment and the suppression of fire over the last 50 years have not yet restored the terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem to its pre-European state and are unlikely to, given the current predictions of future climate change. This supports the notion that ecological and climate thresholds are not necessarily the same, and that the effects of crossing them are not necessarily reversible. Retrospective studies of the historic range of variability within small catchments can provide an understanding of the limits of natural and human-induced variability that can inform management decisions and resource planning.
J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01140.x% doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01140.x? 0 Haworth, R.J.
Gale, S.J.
Short, S.A.
Heijnis, H. 1999[ Land use and lake sedimentation on the New England Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia 51-73 Australian Geographer 30| New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, Black Mountain Lagoon, sediment modelling, geochemistry, charcoal, fire, palaeolimnologyD http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=990808373;res=APAFT ISSN: 0004-9182= http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=990808373;res=APAFT ? [ Wasson, R.J. 1979O Sedimentation history of the Mundi Mundi alluvial fans, western New South Wales 21-51 Sedimentary Geology 22 sediment modelling, Mundi Mundi alluvial fans, Umberumberka Creek, New South Wales, NSW, radiocarbon dating, historical records The Mundi Mundi alluvial fans lie along the Mundi Mundi fault scarp in arid far western New South Wales. The fans consist of a number of well-defined stratigraphic units which can be traced both across the fans and down the fans. The fans are presently dissected and sedimentation is proceeding at intersection points on the larger fans, and most of the small fans are incised so that a net sediment loss is occurring. The oldest stratigraphic unit recognised is the Umberumberka unit which was deposited by bedload transportation in partly braided distributary channels and by slurry-flow deposition over temporarily abandoned channel deposits. The accumulation of the unit was a response to a relatively wetter climate at a time of depressed temperatures prior to 16,000 years B.P., and the end of accumulation was caused by increasing aridity. The Umberumberka unit is capped by a calcareous palaeosol, the Belmont Palaesol, which formed on the stable surfaces of the fans immediately after the peak of desiccation. The Korkora unit overlies the palaeosol and was deposited by shallow channels and slurries. The Mundi Mundi unit overlies the Korkora unit and was deposited in the same way as the Umberumberka unit. The Mundi Mundi unit was deposited between about 6000 and 3000 years B.P. as a response to an increase in rainfall in the Australian interior. The end of accumulation of the Mundi Mundi unit was followed by dissection of the fans, and this change in fan regimen was a result of climatic deterioration. A minor period of alluviation in the trenches cut into the fans (the Tackaringa unit) began about 1000 years B.P. as a result of a slight increase in moisture. The modern streams are dissecting the Thackaringa unit, but floods with a low recurrence interval continue to contribute sediment to the unit.
Climatic fluctuations have been responsible for the timing of periods of aggradation and degradation in the alluvial fans, but the major stratigraphic units record a progressive decrease in the mud (< 63 μm) content of the sediments. This decrease may reflect a long-term decrease in sediment yield from the fan catchments. The effect of this decrease in sediment yield on the behaviour of the fans is not yet clear. ( http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6X-489Y985-2F&_user=554534&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F1979&_alid=582394222&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5826&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=462445640223936308512ad0563fd9eb" doi:10.1016/0037-0738(79)90021-6 :? Wasson, R.J.
Galloway, R.W. 1986H Sediment yield in the Barrier Range before and after European settlement 79-90 The Australian Rangeland Journal 8 2 sediment modelling, Mundi Mundi alluvial fans, Umberumberka Creek, New South Wales, NSW, radiocarbon dating, historical records Sediment yield has been estimated for the catchment of Umberumberka Creek, just west of Broken Hill in far western New South Wales, for two periods before European settlement and for three periods after settlement. The approach is stratigraphic whereby pre-settlement yields have been estimated from a radiocarbon-dated alluvial fan while post-settlement yields have been calculated from surveys of sedimentation in Umberumberka Reservoir. The average post-settlement yield of 1.9 m3 ha-' yr-' is about 50 times greater than the average yield for the 3000 years preceding settlement. The highest recorded post-settlement yield of 3.1 m3 ha-' yr-', over the interval 1915-1941, is about 90 times greater. Sediment yield in the interval 3000 to 6000 years BP was higher than in the interval 3000 years BP to European settlement but lower than the post-settlement yield. Changes of sedimentation rate have been detected in the reservoir since it was built in 1915, reflecting variations in the delivery of sediment to the streams and storage of sediment within the catchment. The nature of these mechanisms has not been accurately determined but comparison of sedimentation rates in reservoirs in south-eastern Australia suggests that a regional increase in rainfall during this century has played a role. If this is correct then the reduced sediment yields since the 1940s are no more than partially related to management and the reduction of rabbits. 7 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/202/paper/RJ9860079.htm Full text doi:10.1071/RJ9860079 O0? ( Mooney, S.D.
Radford, K.L.
Hancock, G.J. 2001x Clues to the 'burning question': pre-European fire in the Sydney coastal region from sedimentary charcoal and palynology 203-212% Ecological Management and Restoration 2Q charcoal, Jibbon Lagoon, Sydney basin, 210Pb dating, New South Wales, NSW, pollen
The concentration and influx of charcoal in a 210Pb-dated sediment core were used to investigate the recent fire history of Jibbon Lagoon in Royal National Park, NSW. Fire events of the recent (historic) past were compared to this record in an attempt to test its sensitivity. Recent fire events were not always reflected in the charcoal results. Nonetheless it can be concluded that since about AD 1930 the area has been characterized by a relatively high frequency of fires. The analysed sediments of the pre-European period contained a low concentration of charcoal, and only one large conflagration appears to have occurred in approximately the last 1600 years. How Aboriginal people used fire in this landscape is still uncertain. However, it is possible that they did not regularly burn the landscape, or if they did, it was in such a way that the delivery of charcoal to the lagoon was minimal. This study thus suggests that the idea of the ubiquitous use of fire by Aboriginal people should be further, and critically, analysed.
J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1442-8903.2001.00085.x% doi:10.1046/j.1442-8903.2D ? Flannery, T. F.
Gott, B. 1984X The Spring Creek locality, southwestern Victoria, a late surviving megafaunal assemblage 385-422 Australian Zoologist 21| megafauna, Spring Creek, Victoria, VIC, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating, southwestern Victoria, western plains not available onlineI? Head, L. 1983e Environment as artefact: a geographic perspective on the Holocene occupation of Southwestern Victoria 73-80 Archaeology in Oceania 18 Bridgewater Lagoon, Boomer Swamp, Discovery Bay, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, radiocarbon dating, southwestern Victoria, western plains{D? Hartney, L. 2005s A Late Quaternary Vegetation History from the Archaeologically Significant Mt Eccles Lava Flow, South-west Victoria- School of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash University archaeology, Mt Eccles, southwestern Victoria, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, Fred Swamp South, western plains Honours SD? Roach, A. 2005e A Palaeoecological Study Covering the Past 30,000 years of Tyrendarra Swamp, Western Plains, Victoria- School of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash Universityn western plains, Tyrendarra Swamp, southwestern Victoria, Victoria, VIC, palynology, pollen, radiocarbon dating Honours T D? Lewis, T. 2005d A Holocene multi-proxy palaeoecological record from Lake Surprise, Mt Eccles, south-western Victoria- School of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash Universityo Lake Surprise, Mt Eccles, western plains, southwestern Victoria, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, macrobotany Honours D?
Kenyon, C. E. 1989Y A Late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeoecological record from Boulder Flat, East Gippsland Botany/Zoology Department Melbourne Monash UniversityN Boulder Flat, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, palynology, pollen, radiocarbon dating Honours D? McKenzie, G. M. 1989 Late Quaternary vegetation and climate in the central Highlands of Victoria, with special reference to Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst. rainforest- School of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash Universityh central highlands, Victoria, VIC, Oaks Creek, Buxton, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, Powelltown PhD
? McKenzie, G. M. 2002s The late Quaternary vegetation history of the south-central highlands of Victoria, Australia. II. Sites below 900 m 32-54 Austral Ecology 27 central highlands, Victoria, VIC, Oaks Creek, Buxton, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, North Torbreck, Powelltown, Torbreck River The late Quaternary vegetation communities of the south-central highlands of Victoria are constructed from analyses of pollen and charcoal, and macroscopic plant remains preserved in Sphagnum bogs. The sites, located in eucalypt forest or woodland, form an altitudinal sequence with the component Eucalyptus species varying with altitude and with small pockets of Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst. in close proximity to the higher sites. The record from the sites above 900 m covers the last 32 000 years, and the record from the lower sites extends from at least 12 000BP. Around 32 000BPthe region was predominantly covered by a mosaic of alpine feldmark and herbfield, with small patches of Eucalyptus and Nothofagus woodland close to sea level when summer temperatures were probably 5°C lower than present. Lowest values, probably 7°-8°C below present, occurred between 19 800 and 16 900BP, when alpine communities were most widespread and much of the Central Highlands was treeless. Around 12 000BPalpine taxa disappeared or were greatly reduced, first at the lower sites. There was an associated rise in the treeline with the movement upslope of Nothofagus and eucalypt forest as a result of a general increase in temperature and probably effective precipitation. By 6000BPwet eucalypt forest and Nothofagus reached their maximum postglacial extent at all sites, possibly related to a further increase in temperature, at least 2°C lower than present, and higher effective precipitation. A continuing increase in temperature, or an increase in continentality, and a decrease in effective precipitation led to increased fire hazard and retraction of rainforest and wet sclerophyll or tall open forest toward present-day values. Nothofagus disappeared from the sites below 900 m. The activities of humans pose further threats to remaining forest communities. The record of vegetation and environmental change derived from the local and regional picture from eight sites reinforces and complements that from the individual sites. For example, combining the records overcomes to some extent taphonomic problems such as the effect of streams that flow close to all sites, and other limitations including problems of dating, poor preservation and variable sedimentation rates. y http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/showFullText?submitFullText=Full+Text+HTML&doi=10.1046%2Fj.1442-9993.2002.01155.x% DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01155.x? Bohte, A.
Kershaw, A. P. 1999t Taphonomic influences on the interpretation of the palaeoecological record of Lynch's Crater, northeastern Australia 49-59 Quaternary International 57-58c Lynch's Crater, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, macrobotany, Atherton Tablelands Pollen and plant macrofossil analysis of a sediment core from the margin of Lynch’s Crater provides a discontinuous record of vegetation and environments on and around Lynch’s Crater through the last glacial cycle. A chronology for the sequence is provided by palynological correlation with an existing, more continuous record from the central part of the crater. A comparison of the two records provides insights into processes of pollen transport and deposition that allows clearer separation of regional vegetation from that growing on the swamp surface. There is evidence from both pollen and macrofossils for the existence of a previously unsuspected swamp forest which grew on the swamp margins within the early part of the last glacial. The records illustrate the extinction of components of this forest in the latter part of the last glacial period and its eventual demise in the Holocene.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-3YN2Y5T-5&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_alid=582779690&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=919c59473002c31ac6b2d2cbe45e7394# doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(98)00049-4 KD? Bohte, A. 1994c Local Vegetation and Environments of the Last Glacial Cycle at Lynch's Crater, Northeast Queensland1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash Universityc Lynch's Crater, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, macrobotany, Atherton Tablelands Honours ? Kershaw, A. P. 1983R A Holocene pollen diagram from Lynch's Crater, north-eastern Queensland, Australia 669-682 New Phytologist 94w Lynch's Crater, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, macrobotany, Atherton Tablelands, radiocarbon dating Pollen analysis of this core from Lynch's Crater provides a more detailed and continuous Holocene record than has been obtained previously from the site. The pattern of dry-land vegetation changes appears broadly similar to those from other sites covering this period from the Atherton Tableland, though problems of dating do place some restriction on temporal correlations between them. Swamp forest is recorded for the first time within the region from pollen and plant macroremains, and this existed from the time of arrival of rainforest, probably about 8500 years B.P. until between 6000 and 4500 B.P. Firing by Aborigines in addition to climate change is considered to have been an important factor in swamp forest destruction and in the promotion of subsequent changes in swamp vegetation.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1983.tb04875.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1983.tb04875.x ? McCarthy, L.
Head, L. 2001| Holocene variability in semi-arid vegetation: new evidence from Leporillus middens from the Flinders Ranges, South Australia 681-689 The Holocene 11 Flinders Ranges, South Australia, SA, stick-nest rat middens, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating, pollen, palynologyJ Twenty-seven Leporillus spp. (stick-nest rat) middens provide palaeoecological evidence with good spatial coverage across the northern and central Flinders Ranges, South Australia, for three Holocene time slices: 7-5 ka, 4-2 ka and _1 ka. Plant macrofossils and faecal pellets from middens were AMS radiocarbon dated, and pollen and plant macrofossils were used to reconstruct vegetation histories. Woodland and shrubland communities with herbaceous understoreys were dominant around 7-5 ka in the northern ranges, and shrublands with an understorey of herbaceous taxa and chenopods were dominant in the central ranges. Warmer, wetter and more homogeneous conditions than present are indicated during this period. Shrubland communities declined in the central ranges during the period 4-2 ka with increasing aridity, to be replaced by chenopod shrublands with a less diverse component of herbaceous taxa in the understorey. Chenopod shrublands continued to increase from 1 ka to present in the central ranges. In the more sheltered topography of the northern ranges, shrublands persisted from 4-2 ka, and some woodland and shrublands remain through to present. Present spatial variability in the vegetation is a feature of the last thousand years or so (possibly longer in the central ranges), compared with less variability in the early to mid-Holocene.[ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=791266121&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=20870&RQT=309&VName=PQD DOI: 10.1191/09596830195708 ? ( Allen, V.
Head, L.
Medlin, G.
Witter, D. 2000 Palaeo-ecology of the Gap and Coturaundee Ranges, western New South Wales, using stick-nest rat (Leporillus spp.) (Muridae) middens 333-343 Austral Ecology 25 Gap and Coturaundee Ranges, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, macrofauna, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating Pollen, plant and animal macrofossils recovered from nine Leporillus spp. (Muridae) middens found in the Gap and Coturaundee Ranges, western New South Wales were examined. By comparing current vegetation, pollen from modern surface samples and pollen from midden samples, general vegetation characteristics over the last 6500 yearsBPwere reconstructed. Evidence shows that a greater shrub cover was apparent between 6500 and 5200BP, while other aspects of the vegetation cover were similar to present. An increase in tree pollen, possibly indicating greater tree cover, occurred around 3400-2600BP, while vegetation in the last 1300 years was similar to present. These interpretations, particularly from the older samples, are tentative due to spatial and temporal limitations. Animal macrofossils from the middens indicate that several mammal species now extinct or uncommon in western New South Wales have occurred in the area in the past 3000 years. This study also confirms that reconstruction of vegetation from Leporillus spp. midden evidence should be seen as separate `snapshots', rather than continuous records over a stratigraphically defined timescale. y http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/showFullText?submitFullText=Full+Text+HTML&doi=10.1046%2Fj.1442-9993.2000.01042.x% DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01042.xv?! Berry, S. L. 1991_ The potential of fossil mammal middens as indicators of vegetation history in central Australia 305-313 Australian Journal of Botany 39 Mt Swan, Kathleen Springs, central Australia, Northern Territory, NT, Alice Springs, stick-nest rat middens, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating The plant macrofossil contents of two fossil mammal middens were investigated. Midden MS was collected from near Mt Swan, 200 km north-east of Alice Springs in central Australia. The vegetation in this region is predominantly grassland scattered with low trees. Midden KS was collected from Kathleen Springs, 240 km west-south-west of Alice Springs. The flora in this locality is dominated by forbs and chenopods. Midden KS had a radiocarbon age of 1700 years BP at the top and 3500 years BP at the bottom. Most of the plant taxa in each midden were components in the flora of the vegetation zones currently surrounding that midden. However, the two middens, collected from different vegetation zones, shared only 33% of taxa. Similarly, only 24% of species were common to the July 1987 vegetation at the two localities. A vertical slice of midden KS was cut into 25 subsamples. No progressive change of subsample plant macrofossil assemblage with depth could be detected by Principal Components Analysis. However, there was a weak tendency for subsamples from the same level in the midden to be similar. It was concluded that mammal middens are potentially useful indicators of the vegetation history of central Australia.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9910305.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9910305 ?" McCarthy, L.
Head, L.
Quade, J. 1996 Holocene palaeoecology of the northern Flinders ranges, South Australia, based on stick-nest rat (Leporillus spp.) middens: a preliminary overview 205-2181 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 123 stick-nest rat middens, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, SA, radiocarbon dating, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, macrobotany, macrofauna Eight stick-nest rat (Leporillus spp.) middens from three locations in the northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia provide a discontinuous palaeoecological record spanning the Holocene. Evidence from radiocarbon dates, pollen, plant macrofossils and animal macrofossils is presented. Both pollen and plant macrofossils show that in the early to mid-Holocene (c. 8.8-5.3 ka), woodlands with grassy understoreys were more widespread than present. This accords with other studies suggesting wetter conditions at this time. Samples dating of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (10.9-9 ka) are dominated by halophytes. It is not yet clear whether this is due to the continuation of Pleistocene aridity, changes in rainfall seasonality, or local influences on vegetation. ' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-3VVT2P4-B&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1996&_alid=582795536&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=90d804dc6851885e014e01002ec37fed! doi:10.1016/0031-0182(96)01113-3 x ?# Pearson, S. 1999h Late Holocene biological records from the middens of stick-nest rats in the central Australian arid zone 39-46 Quaternary International 59 stick-nest rat middens, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, SA, radiocarbon dating, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, macrobotany, macrofauna, central Australia Australian stick-nest rat midden research is in its infancy compared to the North American packrat midden research. The results of detailed studies of twenty stick-nest rat middens from different regions is briefly reported here to highlight the contribution they currently make to tracing environmental history and human impact in the arid areas of Australia at useful spatial and temporal scales. The middens are widespread in a variety of natural communities and in areas subject to different human impact. AMS dating has shown that the middens are predominantly younger than 3000 BP and that some middens have complex taphonomy. The data derived from the middens is mainly palynological although macrofossils of plants and animals have been analysed to provide an ecosystem perspective. The research challenges assumptions of environmental reconstruction developed within an equilibrium model and has required the development of new techniques of midden-based analysis.
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-3WMK61J-5&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1999&_alid=582796973&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=search&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=9c89786f8afd21cd2c60ffaf1d80b680" doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(98)00070-6 ?$ Smith, M. 1982A Late Pleistocene Zamia Exploitation in southern Western Australia 117-121 Archaeology in Oceania 17f Cheetup Hill, Western Australia, WA, palynology, pollen, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating 7?% Smith, M. 1996! Revisiting Pleistocene Macrozamia 52-53 Australian Archaeology 42s Cheetup Hill, Western Australia, WA, palynology, pollen, macrofossils, macrobotany, archaeology, radiocarbon datingD http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=970606060;res=APAFT ISSN: 0312-2417 ?&
Beaton, J. M. 1977m Dangerous Harvest: Investigations in the late pre-historic occupation of upland south-east central Queensland Canberra Australian National UniversityH Carnarvon Range, Queensland, Qld, archaeology, macrofossils, macrobotany PhDv?' McConnell, K.
O'Connor, S. 1997U 40,000 year record of food plants in the southern Kimberley Ranges, Western Australia 20-31 Australian Archaeology 45m Carpenter's Gap, Kimberley, Western Australia, WA, radiocarbon dating, macrofossils, macrobotany, archaeologyD http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=980504976;res=APAFT ISSN: 0312-2417 M?(
McConnell, K. 1998w The prehistoric use of Chenopodiaceae in Australia: evidence from Carpenter's Gap shelter 1 in the Kimberley, Australia 179-188$ Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 7m Carpenter's Gap, Kimberley, Western Australia, WA, radiocarbon dating, macrofossils, macrobotany, archaeology The use of Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae has been recorded in a rock shelter site that shows evidence of human occupation from 40,000 B.P. more or less continuously to the present. The plant remains are discussed in the light of ethnographic information for use of these taxa in both Australia and north America. The presence of cheno-ams as environmental indicators of aridity will be discussed.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/u7020042pp2w7093/?p=f5533bfe9f6c478ca29c803f3f79ffd2&pi=5 DOI 10.1007/BF01374006 ?) " Atchison, J.
Head, L.
Fullagar, R. 2005 Archaeobotany of fruit seed processing in a monsoon savanna environment: evidence from the Keep River region, Northern territory, Australia 167-181! Journal of Archaeological Science 32p Jinmium, Granilpi, Punipunil, Northern Territory, NT, archaeology, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating We analyse archaeobotanical remains from three excavated rockshelter sites, Jinmium, Granilpi and Punipunil, in the Keep River region, northwestern Australia. The record is dominated by burnt fragmented seed remains from the fruit trees Persoonia falcata and Buchanania obovata, consistent with ethnographic records of whole fruits being pounded into pastes and cakes at the beginning of the summer wet season. Surface seed samples of non-cultural origin are mostly whole and unburnt, and contain higher proportions of grass seeds. Sustained processing of fruit seeds is first visible in the archaeological record about 3500 years ago. Spatial and temporal variation in its intensity is evident since that time until it declines following European colonisation. The decline does not represent total site abandonment, but a reorientation of activities following the ecological and social changes that came with pastoralism. The former included the local decline of P. falcata with more intense fire regimes.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WH8-4DTKXW9-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2005&_alid=582804443&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6844&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=7b29db7ca02a78a4ac60ac6db2fbbf5b doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.03.022 ?* $ White, C. (1967) . , 6 (9): 426-431. 1967# The prehistory of the Kakadu people 426-431 Mankind 6 9r Padypadiy, Arnhem Land, Kakadu, archaeology, Northern Territory, NT, macrofossils, radiocarbon dating, macrobotany http://pao.chadwyck.com/articles/displayItem.do?QueryType=articles&QueryIndex=journal&ResultsID=112411648C5EBCBBB&ItemNumber=8&BackTo=journalid&BackToParam=QueryType=journals|ItemID=4133|issue=6:9%20(1967:June)&journalID=4133nD?+
Barker, A. B. 2000 Towards an archaeobotanical reference bank: a pilot study for the construction of an identification tool for macroscopic plant remains from archaeological deposits School of Humanities Adelaide* The Flinders University of South AustraliaH Droopney, Northern Territory, NT, archaeology, macrofossils, macrobotany Honours D?,
Clarke, A. 1988p Archaeological and ethnobotanical interpretations of plant remains from Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory7 Archaeology with ethnography: an Australian perspective Meehan, B.
Jones, R. Canberra8 Department of Prehistory, Australian National Universityo Anbangbang, Djuwarr, Kakadu, Northern Territory, NT, radiocarbon dating, macrofossils, macrobotany, archaeology D?-
Clarke, A. 1989 Macroscopic plant remains Plants in Australian Archaeology Beck, W.
Clarke, A.
Head, L. TEMPUSo Anbangbang, Djuwarr, Kakadu, Northern Territory, NT, radiocarbon dating, macrofossils, macrobotany, archaeology I?.
Clarke, A. 1985@ A preliminary archaeobotanical analysis of the Anbangbang 1 site 77-96/ Archaeological Research in Kakadu National Park Special Publication 13 Jones, R.. Australian National Parks and Wildlife ServiceR Anbangbang, Kakadu, Northern Territory, NT, macrofossils, macrobotany, archaeology ?/ ) Rowell, M. V.
Jordan, G. J.
Barnes, R. W. 2001^ An in situ, late Pleistocene Melaleuca fossil forest at Coal Head, western Tasmania, Australia 235-244 Australian Journal of Botany 49` Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Tas, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating, U-series dating Stumps of more than 365 tree and shrubs are preserved in growth position on the shores of Macquarie Harbour, western Tasmania. The most likely age is Last Interglacial or early Last Glacial. The in situ forest was almost monospecific Melaleuca (probably M. ericifolia) swamp forest, with one very large Nothofagus cunninghamii, occasional Acacia, interspersed with tussocks of Gahnia grandis. The Melaleuca stumps showed a more or less continuous size distribution, and tree rings suggested an age range from a few years to approximately 100 years or more. Similar vegetation occurs now in parts of lowland western and northern Tasmania, particularly in poorly drained, undisturbed, coastal sites. The composition of the in situ fossil forest differed markedly from previously recorded macrofossil and fossil palynomorph floras, suggesting that both of the latter included significant allochthonous components.4 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT00049.htm doi:10.1071/BT00049 ?0 * Jordan, G. J.
Carpenter, R. J.
Hill, R. S. 1991T Late Pleistocene vegetation and climate near Melaleuca Inlet, south-western Tasmania 315-333 Australian Journal of Botany 39 4a Melaleuca Inlet, Tasmania, Tas, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating, pollen, palynology Macrofossils of 27 taxa and microfossils of 47 taxa are identified from a Late Pleistocene deposit at Melaleuca Inlet with a minimum age of 38 800 years. Interpretation of the fossil assemblage suggests that at the time of deposition the climate was cooler than at present and at least as wet. The local vegetation was dominated by wet scrub and sedgeland-heath communities with rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest also present. Species composition was similar to extant vegetation in the region but now-extinct species and possibly communities were present. Charcoal occurs in the sediments and the taxonomic make-up of the assemblage is consistent with the presence of a well established high fire frequency, despite the deposit pre-dating the earliest known human occupation of Tasmania. 6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9910315.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9910315 ?1 Jordan, G. J.
Hill, R. S. 1991F Two new Banksia species from Pleistocene sediments in western Tasmania 499-511 Australian Systematic Botany 4M Melaleuca Inlet, Tasmania, Tas, macrofossils, macrobotany, radiocarbon dating Subtribe Banksiinae of the Proteaceae was diverse in Tasmania in the early and middle Tertiary, but is now restricted to two species, Banksia marginata and B. serrata. Rapid and extreme environmental changes during the Pleistocene are likely causes of the extinction of some Banksia species in Tasmania. Such extinctions may have been common in many taxonomic groups. The leaves and infructescences of Banksia kingii Jordan & Hill, sp. nov. are described from late Pleistocene sediments. This is the most recent macrofossil record of a now extinct species in Tasmania. Banksia kingii is related to the extant B. saxicola. Banksia strahanensis Jordan & Hill, sp. nov. (known only from a leaf and leaf fragments and related to B. spinulosa) is described from Early to Middle Pleistocene sediments in Tasmania. This represents the third Pleistocene macrofossil record of a plant species which is now extinct in Tasmania. 7 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/150/paper/SB9910499.htm Full text doi:10.1071/SB9910499 ?2
Jordan, G. J. 1997f Evidence of Pleistocene plant extinction and diversity from Regatta Point, western Tasmania, Australia 45-71( Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 123K Regatta Point, Tasmania, Tas, macrofossils, macrobotany, pollen, palynology6 The Early Pleistocene Regatta Point sediments contain macrofossils that suggest that generic and specific rainforest diversity was higher in the region that it is today both locally and regionally, but the diversity was probably lower than it was for most of the Tertiary. The sediments contain extinct species of conifers and angiosperms which have closest living relatives in a wide range of environments, mainly wet forests of warmer areas than western Tasmania, but also relatively cool and dry areas. Simple models of climatically driven extinction explain these extinctions poorly. It is more likely that there was a wide range of causes of extinctions. New species,Acacia bulbosa, Rubus nebuloides, Quintinia tasmanensis, Oxylobium pungens, Laurophyllum australumandMyrtaceaephyllum pleistocenicum, are described.
n http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WBX-45MFVVV-26&_user=554534&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F1997&_rdoc=3&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236722%231997%23998769998%23306106%23FLT%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6722&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=4&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=74a13e9550efd916636fad618556c56f doi:10.1006/bojl.1996.0072 ?3 Hill, R. S.
Macphail, M. K. 1985P A fossil flora from rafted Plio-Pleistocene mudstones at Regatta Point, Tasmaina 497-517 Australian Journal of Botany 33K Regatta Point, Tasmania, Tas, macrofossils, macrobotany, pollen, palynology A Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene flora from Regatta Point on Macquarie Harbour contains pollen, cladodes, flowers and infructescences of Casuarina (s.l.), suggesting that the site of deposition was surrounded by the source plants. However, leaves and shoots of Nothofagus cunninghamii, Eucryphia, Atherosperma moschatum, Quintinia, Acacia, Lagarostrobos franklinii, Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Podocarpus, Athrotaxis selaginoides and A. cf. cupressoides also occur, along with pollen and spores of the common rainforest species, and it can be inferred that a cool temperate rainforest was present upstream of the site of deposition. This fossil flora represents the earliest evidence to date of modern rainforest elements in Tasmania. Pollen of a number of modern sclerophyll species, including Epacridaceae, Proteaceae and Eucalyptus, is also present.
The presence of a Quintinia leaf in the Regatta Point flora is evidence that some species have become extinct in Tasmania relatively recently. Extant Tasmanian rainforests evolved from more diverse Mid Tertiary rainforests, probably in response to the Late Tertiary cooling and repeated Quaternary glaciations. The same environmental vicissitudes may have also been responsible for the successful establishment of eucalypts on the west coast of Tasmania by the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene, resulting in a vegetation probably similar to that now present around Macquarie Harbour.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9850497.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9850497 ?4 Horsfall, N. 1987X Living in the rainforest: the prehistoric occupation of north Queensland's humid tropics
Townsville James Cook University6 Jiyer Cave, Queensland, Qld, macrofossils, macrobotany PhD ?5 O'Connor, S. 1992E The timing and nature of prehistoric island use in northern Australia 49-60 Archaeology in Oceania 27q High Cliffy shelter, Kimberley, Western Australia, WA, radiocarbon dating, archaeology, macrofossils, macrobotany ?6 # Witt, G. B.
Luly, J.
Fairfax, R. J. 2006S How the west was once: vegetation change in south-west Queensland from 1930 to 1995 1585-1596 Journal of Biogeography 33 Ambathala shearing shed, Queensland, Qld, radiocarbon dating, stable carbon isotope analysis, historical records, macrofossils, macrobotany, pollen, palynology, microhistology Conflicting perceptions of past and present rangeland condition and limited historical data have led to debate regarding the management of vegetation in pastoral landscapes both internationally and in Australia. In light of this controversy we have sought to provide empirical evidence to determine the trajectory of vegetational change in a semi-arid rangeland for a significant portion of the 20th century using a suite of proxy measures.
Location Ambathala Station, approximately 780 km west of Brisbane, in the semi-arid rangelands of south-western Queensland, Australia.
Methods We excavated stratified deposits of sheep manure which had accumulated beneath a shearing shed between the years 1930 and 1995. Multi-proxy data, including pollen and leaf cuticle analyses and analysis of historical aerial photography were coupled with a fine resolution radiocarbon chronology to generate a near annual history of vegetation on the property and local area.
J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01531.x% doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01531.x ?7 : Wang, X.
van der Kaars, S.
Kershaw, P.
Bird, M.
Jansen, F. 1999 A record of fire, vegetation and climate through the last three glacial cycles from Lombok Ridge core G6-4, eastern Indian Ocean, Indonesia 241-2561 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 147v Lombok Ridge, marine core, charcoal, Indonesia, Indian Ocean, palynology, pollen, fire, stable carbon isotope analysis Charcoal, elemental carbon and clastic particle analyses have been undertaken on tropical marine core G6-4 collected from the eastern Indian Ocean between the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia and northwestern Australia to help interpret an existing pollen record. In addition, a new oxygen isotope record has been constructed, and several radiocarbon dates produced, to allow a refinement of the chronology of the core. The record covers the last 300,000 years with three clear glacial–interglacial cycles. However, the new oxygen isotope record and radiocarbon dates suggest a hiatus and it appears that most isotope stage 3 is missing. Interglacials are characterised by higher values of mangrove, fern and rainforest pollen indicating wetter conditions than intervening glacials which have higher Cyperaceae and Chenopodiaceae values. Gramineae percentages are also generally higher during glacials but there is a sustained increase in grasses relative to Eucalyptus about 185,000 years ago originally interpreted as a change to drier conditions. An increase in burning from about 200,000 years ago from charcoal evidence suggests that fire may have been an important contributing factor. This and subsequent increases in charcoal may reflect anthropogenic burning and are considered in relation to archaeological evidence for possible times of arrival of people within Australia. The elemental carbon record shows major differences to that from charcoal and further research is needed to interpret its meaning. Little consistent evidence for changes in climate or vegetation disturbance is provided by clastic particle influx which may well reveal a record of volcanicity within the region.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-3VW7G9P-5&_user=554534&_coverDate=03%2F15%2F1999&_alid=583199974&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=86765ab9def57261bdf4013f490cf9ec# doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00169-2 ?8 D van der Kaars, S.
Wang, X.
Kershaw, P.
Guichard, F.
Setiabudi, D. A. 2000 A late Quaternary palaeoecological record from the Banda Sea, Indonesia: patterns of vegetation, climate and biomass burning in Indonesia and northern Australia 135-1531 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 155Z Banda Sea, marine core, charcoal, stable carbon isotope analysis, pollen, palynology, fire Palynological, charcoal, elemental carbon and elemental carbon stable isotope analyses on Banda Sea core SHI-9014 provide a detailed regional vegetation, fire and climate history for the Banda Sea area (eastern Indonesia and northern Australia) through the last 170–180,000 years. Reliable chronostratigraphic control is provided by a detailed oxygen isotope record and, in the younger part of the sequence, by radiocarbon dates. The results indicate that during the last two glacial periods (particularly stages 6, 4, and 2) drier climates prevailed in both eastern Indonesia and northern Australia and lower montane forests dominated by Fagaceae expanded, indicating cooler climatic condition in eastern Indonesia. High charcoal and elemental carbon values suggest increased burning during these periods. Expansion of tropical lowland rainforests, humid mid and upper montane forests, fern and woodland cover occurred in the interglacial periods (stage 5 and the Holocene), indicating warm and humid conditions. The Banda Sea record indicates that before 37,000 yr B.P. Dipterocarpaceae formed an important part of the tropical lowland vegetation of eastern Indonesia. Its subsequent demise coincides with an increase in disturbance pollen indicators, the replacement of Eucalyptus woodlands and open forests by open grassland vegetation and higher burning levels. It is likely that these changes relate to an increase in human impact on the landscape.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-3Y6H0RJ-8&_user=554534&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F2000&_alid=583200512&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=5d713a4bbfb7175ce3ae7c51bb9e3dab" doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00098-X ?9 Moss, P. T.
Kershaw, A. P. 2000v The last glacial cycle from the humid tropics of northeastern Australia: comparison of a terrestrial and marine record 155-1761 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 155t ODP820, marine core, Lynch's crater, Atherton Tableland, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, pollen' A detailed pollen record from the Ocean Drilling Program Site 820 core, located on the upper part of the continental slope off the coast of northeast Queensland, was constructed to compare with the existing pollen record from Lynch's Crater on the adjacent Atherton Tableland and allow the production of a regional picture of vegetation and environmental change through the last glacial cycle. Some broad similarities in patterns of vegetation change are revealed, despite the differences between sites and their pollen catchments, which can be related largely to global climate and sea-level changes. The original estimated time scale of the Lynch's Crater record is largely confirmed from comparison with the more thoroughly dated ODP record. Conversely, the Lynch's Crater pollen record has assisted in dating problematic parts of the ODP record. In contrast to Lynch's Crater, which reveals a sharp and sustained reduction in drier araucarian forest around 38,000 yrs BP, considered to have been the result of burning by Aboriginal people, the ODP record indicates, most likely, a stepwise reduction, dating from 140,000 yrs BP or beyond. The earliest reduction shows lack of a clear connection between Araucaria decline and increased burning and suggests that people may not have been involved at this stage. However, a further decline in araucarian forest, possibly around 45,000 yrs BP, which has a more substantial environmental impact and is not related to a time of major climate change, is likely, at least partially, the result of human burning. The suggestion, from the ODP core oxygen isotope record, of a regional sea-surface temperature increase of around 4°C between about 400,000 and 250,000 yrs BP, may have had some influence on the overall decline in Araucaria and its replacement by sclerophyll vegetation.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-3Y6H0RJ-9&_user=554534&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F2000&_alid=583201001&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=94f4b7b4bf0ba48e232512f11ba34e63# doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00099-1 ?:
Kershaw, A.P. 1986k Climatic change and aboriginal burning in northeast Australia during the last 2 glacial interglacial cycles 47-49 Nature 322 6074l Lynch's Crater, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Atherton Tablelands, radiocarbon datingB Long palynological records from continental deposits may be divided into two categories: detailed sequences seldom extending back much further than the most recent interglacial1−3, and more generalized or discontinuous sequences which cover all or a substantial part of the Quaternary4−6. I present here a record which is unusual in that it provides, in some detail, changes through a period considered to embrace the last two glacial/interglacial cycles. It provides the opportunity to compare the results of climatically-induced changes at corresponding stages within the two cycles and also to assess the impact of Aboriginal people on the vegetation. People have been present in Australia for the past 40,000 years7 and possibly as long ago as the last interglacial period8, but are unlikely to have been present before this.
A http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v322/n6074/abs/322047a0.html doi:10.1038/322047a0]?; Turney, C.S.M.
Kershaw, A.P.
Moss, P.
Bird, M.I.
Fifield, L.K.
Cresswell, R.G.
Santos, G.M.
Di Tada, M.L.
Hausladen, P.A.
Zhou, Y. 2001r Redating the onset of burning at Lynch's Crater (North Queensland): implications for human settlement in Australia 767-771 Journal of Quaternary Science 16 8l Lynch's Crater, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Atherton Tablelands, radiocarbon datingR Lynch's Crater preserves a continuous, high-resolution record of environmental changes in north Queensland. This record suggests a marked increase in burning that appears to be independent of any known major climatic boundaries. This increase is accompanied, or closely followed, by the virtually complete replacement of rainforest by sclerophyll vegetation. The absence of any major climatic shift associated with this increase in fire frequency therefore has been interpreted as a result of early human impact in the area. The age for this increase in burning, on the basis of conventional radiocarbon dating, was previously thought to be approximately 38 000 14C yr BP, supporting the traditional model for human arrival in Australia at 40 000 14C yr BP Here we have applied a more rigorous pre-treatment and graphitisation procedure for radiocarbon dating samples from the Lynch's Crater sequence. These new dates suggest that the increase in fire frequency occurred at 45 000 14C yr BP, supporting the alternative view that human occupation of Australia occurred by at least 45 000-55 000 cal. yr BP. E http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/88513675/ABSTRACT 10.1002/jqs.643z?< ! Singh, G.
Kershaw, A.P.
Clark, R. 19813 Quaternary vegetation and fire history in Australia 23-54 Fire and the Australian Biota# Gill, A.M.
Groves, R.A.
Noble, I.R. Canberra Australian Academy of Science Lake George, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, Lashmars Lagoon, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, SA ?= [ Singh, G.
Geissler, E.A. 1985n Late Cainozoic history of vegetation, fire, lake levels and climate at Lake George, New South Wales, Australia 379-447; Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 311Y Lake George, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating The results of pollen, spore, algal and charcoal particle analyses from an 18 m core sample, dating from ca. 730 000-0 a before present (B.P.), from Lake George are described along with an account of a five year study of modern pollen-rain from the same site. Also, pollen analyses of two isolated samples, dating about 4-7 Ma B.P., in a separate core from the same location are reported for comparison. The sedimentary sequence is dated by means of magnetostratigraphy and radiocarbon. The microfossil record from Lake George provides the longest relatively continuous Quaternary continental sequence yet available from Australia and may document one of the world's longest combined record of vegetation, bush-fires, lake levels and climates together with the record of accompanying plant migrations, redistributions and extinctions. It is so far the only chronologically secure Late Cainozoic palynological database available in Australia that spans the entire Brunhes Chron. The altitudinal shifts of vegetation belts inferred from the palynological sequence suggest significant past changes in terrestrial temperatures of the order of glacial-interglacial cycles. It is revealed that the upper treeline was depressed by 1200-1500 m and 300-600 m, respectively, during the glacial maxima and the cool-temperate intervals, and reverted during the interglacials. Assuming an average lapse rate of 0.7 ∘ C per 100 m, the drop in mean temperature for the warmest month (January) with respect to the present during the glacial maxima and the cool-temperate periods respectively may have been about 8-10 ∘ C and 2-4 ∘ C. A series of about eight glacial-interglacial cycles (phases I-XIX) are recognized during the Brunhes Chron at Lake George broadly corresponding to stages 1-19 of the deep sea 18 O palaeotemperature record. A correlation between the palaeotemperature sequence and the former lake levels at Lake George is presented for the relatively more continuous section, ca. 350 000-0 a B.P., with a view to resolve past precipitation changes. It is inferred that periods of considerably lower precipitation than at present prevailed during the glacial maxima. Conversely, periods of higher precipitation than at present occurred for some considerable lengths of time during the interglacials. In general terms, the precipitation levels increased during both interglacials and interstadials with respect to glacial maxima. The plant microfossil evidence indicates that Eucalyptus- dominated, dry sclerophyll (low, open) forests, now growing in the lake catchment, and probably elsewhere in southeastern Australia are the result of a comparatively recent development. It is shown that the relatively 'fire-sensitive' Casuarina-dominated forests, combined with several equally or more 'fire-sensitive' rainforest taxa, dominated the vegetation for at least half a million years during all but the last two interglacials. The relatively 'fire-tolerant', Eucalyptus-dominated forests started to expand onwards from the last interglacial, some 130 000 years ago, in conjunction with large increases in the amount of charcoal in the sediment. Since then, not only did the amount of charcoal remain at a generally high level but the overall dominance of open, eucalypt forest is maintained throughout during the warmer periods except for a cool-temperate interstadial interval (zone D) during the last glacial. The 'fire-sensitive' Casuarina (under 23 μm type) as well as all the rainforest taxa declined at the end of the last glacial and finally disappeared from the lake catchment during the Holocene, culminating in the total extinction of Casuarina type under 23 μm during the last few hundred years. Some of the changes in flora during the Brunhes Chron were undoubtedly the result of long-term climatic change but most appear to have been precipitated through increased fire-frequencies only during the last 130 000 years (with the maximum impact occurring during the last 10 000 years), probably on account of the bush-firing activities of early man in Australia. This presupposes the presence of the Aboriginal people some 90 000 years earlier than the oldest available archaeological evidence for human occupation of the Australian continent, a proposition that remains to be tested by future archaeological investigations. In biogeographical terms, the studies reveal that a number of Gondwanic taxa, commonly seen during the late Tertiary in southeastern Australia, survived well into the Pleistocene and finally disappeared during the late Brunhes from Lake George. http://www.jstor.org/view/00804622/di996217/99p0002c/0?frame=noframe&userID=96cb13d7@anu.edu.au/01cc99331300501bfbbce&dpi=3&config=jstor ?> * Edney, P. A.
Kershaw, A. P.
De Deckker, P. 1990| A late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation and environmental record from Lake Wangoom, Western Plains of Victoria, Australia 325-3431 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 80z Lake Wangoom, Victoria, Vic, western plains, southwestern Victoria, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon datingL Pollen, microfaunal and sedimentological evidence from the top 20 m of sediment in a closed volcanic crater lake is used to construct a detailed record of vegetation and environmental conditions through the Holocene and a substantial part of the Late Pleistocene. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the sequence covers tha last 51,000 yr or so. High lake-levels and the presence of forest or woodland vegetation indicate that the Holocene and the basal few thousand years of the record experienced wet and warm conditions. The earliest period was succeeded by a long phase of lower but variable moisture levels before more arid conditions resulted in the replacement of forest and woodland by herbaceous vegetation and frequent lake drying. Periods of slight amelioration occurred between about 27,000 and 19,000 and before 15,000 radiocarbon yr ago. Maximum aridity occurred between about 19,000 and 10,000 yr B.P., a period incorporating the height of the last glacial. During the Pleistocene, the lake became gradually more saline but has been fresh during the Holocene, even under low lake-levels.
( http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-48C7FRP-HY&_user=554534&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F1990&_alid=583213997&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=ebb69f3d416b900b59a5cc4f7306e9be" doi:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90141-S 7D??
D'Costa, D 1997^ The reconstruction of Quaternary vegetation and climate on King Island, Bass Strait, Australia1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash UniversityX Egg Lagoon, King Island, Lake Flannigan, Bass Strait, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology PhD 3?@ 1 Colhoun, E.A.
Pola, J.S.
Barton, C.E.
Heijnis, H. 1999P Late-Pleistocene vegetation and climate history of Lake Selina, western Tasmania 5-23 Quaternary International 57-58 5> Lake Selina, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Analysis of pollen, NRM intensity of sediments, and dating of a 397 cm core from Lake Selina in western Tasmania provides a detailed record of vegetation and climate changes for the Last Interglacial–Last Glacial cycle. The vegetation record shows that cool temperate rainforest was present during Isotope Substage 5e and during the Holocene. Wet montane forest and subalpine shrublands dominated the early Last Glacial interstades; subalpine–alpine heathlands and herbfield the stadials. Stages 4–2 mainly had grassland, herbland and heath vegetation. There is close correlation between phases of maximum magnetic intensity in the sediments with pollen zones indicating presence of herbaceous vegetation. This suggests erosion of the catchment was greater in the absence of forest or woodland. Climate may have been slightly cooler than present during Substage 5e but the evidence is not definitive. Climate was colder at all times during the Last Glacial Stage until after ca. 14 kyr BP. Maximum temperature depression from present during Stage 2 was >3.5°C at Lake Selina, but probably as much as 6.5°C in the West Coast Range. Holocene climate was cool and wet. Comparison of the Lake Selina record, with others in western Tasmania and Victoria, indicate that variations in vegetation during the Last Interglacial–Last Glacial cycle were primarily responses to temperature changes in western Tasmania, and to precipitation changes, particularly summer drought, in western Victoria.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-3YN2Y5T-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_alid=583216987&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=7def90788fa8dfc99a8de9dd4d7f05f1" doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(98)00046-9 G?A < Colhoun, E.A.
van de Geer, G. 1988) Darwin Crater, the King and Linda Valleys 30-71 Cainozoic vegetation in Tasmania
Colhoun, E.A. Newcastle University of NewcastleT Darwin Crater, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating
Special Paper ?B ) Dodson, J. R.
Roberts, F. K.
De Salis, T. 1994 Palaeoenvironments and human impact at Burraga Swamp in montane rainforest, Barrington Tops National Park, New South Wales, Australia 161-169 Australian Geographer 25 2l Burraga Swamp, Barrington Tops, pollen, palynology, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating? ISSN: 0004-9182 ?C ( Dodson, J.R.
Greenwood, P.G.
Jones, R.L. 1986< Holocene forest and wetland dynamics at Barrington Tops, NSW 561-585 Journal of Biogeography 13 Burraga Swamp, Barrington Tops, pollen, palynology, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating, Boggy Swamp, Butchers Swamp, Black Swamp, Horse Swamp, Killer Swamp, Polblue Swamp, Sapphire Swamp, Clive Swamp Pollen analyses from eight sites and fifty-seven radiocarbon analyses from nine sites are described to give a vegetation history and chronology across the Barrington Tops Plateau. It is shown that sites record local plant community history, and that between-site comparisons enable identification of vegetation change across the Plateau. At present, the area above 1000 m supports a mosaic of sub-alpine grasslands, montane eucalypt forests, wet eucalypt formations, cool-temperate rainforests and wetland communities. By 9000 BP these had all been well established but there have been changes in the contributions of each vegetation type to the mosaic. In the period from 6500 to 3500 BP, cool temperate rainforest covered a larger area of the Plateau in the east, while wet eucalypt forests were more extensive in the west than at the present. This could have resulted from an increase in temperature and in summer rain-bearing winds from the south and east. Retreat of these forest types began around 5000 BP and by 1600 BP large areas on the west were replaced by montane eucalypts with a sub-alpine grassland understorey. Some expansion of cool-temperate rainforest began in the same region from about 1500 BP, athough this was mainly restricted to sheltered localities. In the wetland areas there was a general trend from open water with aquatics to higher productivity with sedges and Sphagnum-forming hummock/hollow communites around 3500 BP. Peat formation then became widespread and expanded within the last few centuries when further wetland areas became established, particularly in the Gloucester Tops region. The forest retreats from 5000 BP until 1600 BP and hydroseral change from 3500 BP probably resulted from lower temperatures. The most recent expansion of Nothofagus and the wetlands is thought to be due to an increase in rainfall and possible temperature. Fire records were compiled from four sites by analysing fine charcoal particle inputs. These show that the incidence and/or intensity of fires increased from low levels around 3000 BP. However, no major vegetation shifts could be directly attributed to fire. Some taxa, however, were sensitive to fire and the abundance of Casuarina torulosa in eucalypt forest in the south-eastern part of the Plateau was strongly reduced by burning. The role of Aboriginals and Europeans in the fire-ecology of the Barrington Tops area is unclear, but it is possible that their burning contributed to certain events in its Holocene vegetation history.
g Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28198611%2913%3A6%3C561%3AHFAWVD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K ?D
Chalson, J.M. 1991N The late Quaternary climatic and vegetation history of the Blue Mountains, NSW Sydney University of New South Wales Sapphire Swamp, Penrith Lakes, Warrimoo Swamp, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Ingar Swamp, Notts Swamp, Katoomba Swamp, Burralow Creek Swamp, Kings Tableland Swamp, Jibbon Lagoon PhDeD?E M Black 2001 Fire, vegetation, humans and climate: A record of change during the past millennium from the King's Tableland Swamp, Blue Mountains, New South Wales Department of Geography Sydney University of New South Wales` King's Tableland Swamp, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, fire, charcoal, pollen, palynology Honours ?F 9 J. R. Dodson
V. M. McRae
K. Molloy
F. Roberts
J. D. Smith 1993 Late holocene human impact on two coastal environments in New South Wales, Australia: a comparison of Aboriginal and European impacts 89-100$ Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 2 Killalea Lagoon, Bondi Lake, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, erosion, eutrophication, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating There are few historical analyses quantifying impacts of human activity in Australia. This paper compares vegetation change, fire regime, erosion and eutrophication rates between the European period and the recent prehistoric past in two lake systems on the south coast of New South Wales. The variance in pollen abundance and hence species population changes increased markedly in the historical period, especially amongst understorey taxa, and this could be related to changes in the local fire regimes and to the effects of grazing. Local fire activity decreased from the prehistorical period at both sites. Erosion rates increased in the historical period and both organic and inorganic components were deposited in the lakes. Erosion episodes could be related to fire during some periods but are clearly controlled by forest disturbance and land-use at other periods. The trophic status of the lakes was increasing from before European settlement but accelerated in the recent past. This was in part due to the increased erosion rates and in part due to fertiliser application. The results suggest that lower rates of erosional and eutrophic change occur in catchments with basaltic than with Holocene sand substrata.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/g626627261408x1j/?p=84993c4912b04580b287af3d48ca35a8&pi=3 DOI 10.1007/BF00202186 ?G A Green, D.
Singh, G.
Pollach, H.
Moss, D.
Banks, J.
Geissler, E.A. 1988R A fine resolution palaeoecology and palaeoclimatology from south-eastern Australia 790-806 Journal of Ecology 76X Bega Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating@ This study attempts to bridge the gap in time-scale that has separated sedimentary pollen records from modern ecological and meteorological data. (2) Two pollen records were obtained, both at yearly intervals: a pollen-rain history (1975-84) and a record of past (1950-75) pollen accumulation, based on detailed 14 C analyses of bomb carbon from finely-sectioned peat deposits. By matching these data with instrumental rainfall records at yearly intervals, recent pollen production and accumulation changes are related to short-term fluctuations in precipitation and fire occurrence. (3) The modern pollen-rain study demonstrates a close relationship between rainfall and the pollen production and accumulation of several taxa. (4) Comparisons between sedimentary pollen records and meteorological data show that the vegetation response, through pollen production and accumulation, was sufficiently sensitive to register short-term, low-amplitude changes in precipitation in the swamp sedimentary record. (5) Related studies include charcoal particle analyses, fire scar surveys, and process modelling. (6) The combined results provide a basis for recognizing short-term, low-amplitude changes in vegetation and precipitation, not only from contemporary sediments, but also from finely datable sediments of Holocene and late Pleistocene origin.g Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0477%28198809%2976%3A3%3C790%3AAFPAPF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S ?H Polach, H.
Singh, G. 1980j Contemporary 14C levels and their significance to the sedimentary history of Bega Swamp, North South Wales 398-409 Radiocarbon 22 2X Bega Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating 3?I } Hope, G.
Kershaw, P.
van der Kaars, S.
Ziangjun, S.
Liew, P-M.
Heusser, L,.E.
Takahara, H.
McGlone, M.
Miyoshi, N.
Moss, P.T. 2004E History of vegetation and habitat change in the Australia-Asia region 103-126 Quaternary International 118-119X Bega Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating| Over 1000 marine and terrestrial pollen diagrams and some hundreds of vertebrate faunal sequences have been studied in the Austral-Asian region bisected by the PEPII transect, from the Russian arctic extending south through east Asia, Indochina, southern Asia, insular Southeast Asia (Sunda), Melanesia, Australasia (Sahul) and the western south Pacific. The majority of these records are Holocene but sufficient data exist to allow the reconstruction of the changing biomes over at least the past 200,000 years. The PEPII transect is free of the effects of large northern ice caps yet exhibits vegetational change in glacial cycles of a similar scale to North America. Major processes that can be discerned are the response of tropical forests in both lowlands and uplands to glacial cycles, the expansion of humid vegetation at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition and the change in faunal and vegetational controls as humans occupy the region. There is evidence for major changes in the intensity of monsoon and El Nino-Southern oscillation variability both on glacial–interglacial and longer time scales with much of the region experiencing a long-term trend towards more variable and/or drier climatic conditions. Temperature variation is most marked in high latitudes and high altitudes with precipitation providing the major climate control in lower latitude, lowland areas. At least some boundary shifts may be the response of vegetation to changing CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Numerous questions of detail remain, however, and current resolution is too coarse to examine the degree of synchroneity of millennial scale change along the transect.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-4BVNKRF-1&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2004&_alid=583240385&_rdoc=2&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=4&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=993aedd517a05eaa89c26a85092fddbb# doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00133-2
?J
Clark, R.L. 1986( The fire history of Rotten Swamp, A.C.T. Canberra? Unpublished Report to ACT Parks and Conservation Service, CSIROp Rotten Swamp, Cotter Source Bog, Mt Kelly, Australian Capital Territory, ACT, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynologye?K 1 Dodson, J.R.
De Salis, I.
Myers, C.A.
Sharp, A.J. 1994q A thousand years of environmental change and human impact in the alpine zone at Mount Kosciuszko, New South Wales 77-87 Australian Geographer 25 Club Lake, Mt Kosciuszko, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, erosion, eutrophication, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating~ This study reconstructs erosion, productivity, fire and vegetation records at Club Lake, in the alpine zone of Kosciusko National Park (the highest mountain region in Australia), and uses them to compare the prehistoric and historic periods. While disturbance in the prehistoric period was found to be minimal and mainly activated by fire, the impact of land uses after European arrival initiated a change in the erosion and fire regime and brought new grazing animals and exotic plant species. These triggered temporal changes in eutrophication and the nature of erosion, and significant vegetation changes. There was a reduction in the stability and persistence of species representation, especially in herbfield vegetation, and little recovery is evident despite the cessation of summer grazing. It is apparent that the area is very sensitive to disturbance by human impact and large fires. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a769297523~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/00049189408703100 0 ?L # Gell, P.A.
Stuart, I.M.
Smith, J.D. 1993 The response of vegetation to changing fire regimes and human activity in the Delegate River catchment, East Gippsland, Victoria 150-160 The Holocene 3U Tea Tree Swamp, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, diatoms?M Boon,S.
Dodson, J.R. 1992K Environmental response to land use at Lake Curlip, east Gippsland, Victoria 206-221 Australian Geographical Studies 30Z Lake Curlip, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, Kutai PeatlandsD?N Reid, M. 1989 Palaeoecological Changes at Lake Wellington, Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, during the late Holocene: A Study of the Development of a Coastal Lake Ecoystem1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash Universitys Lake Wellington, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, coastal, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, diatoms, radiocarbon dating HonoursID?O
Robertson, M. 1986} Fire Regimes and Vegetation Dynamics: A Case Study Examining the Potential of the Fire Resolution Palaeoecological Techniques1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash UniversityD McKenzie Road Bog, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology Honours ?P Jenkins, M.A.
Kershaw, A.E. 1997S A mid-late Holocene record from an interdunal swamp, Mornington Peninsula, Victoria 133-148- Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 109T Greens Bush, Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire)?Q Aitken, D.
Kershaw, A.E. 1992J Holocene vegetation and environmental history of Cranbourne Botanic Garden 67-80, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 105o Cranbourne Botanic Gardens, Tiger Snake Swamp, Tadpole Swamp, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire*?R McKenzie, G.M. 1997p The late Quaternary vegetation history of the south-central highlands of Victoria, Australia:1. Sites above 900m 19-36 Australian Journal of Ecology 22d Lake Mountain, Storm Creek, Tom Burns, Snob Creek, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology KD?S Head, L.
Stewart, I-M.F 1980Y Change in the Aire: Palaeoecology and Prehistory in the Aire Basin, southwestern Victoria Monash Publications in Geography 24 Melbourne Monash Universityv Lake Hordern, Aire Basin, Southwestern Victoria, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating 6? % Thom, B.G.
Hails, J.H.
Martin, A.R.H. 1969N Radiocarbon evidence against higher postglacial sealevels in eastern Australia 161-168 Marine Geology 7 2Q Kurnell Fen, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Postglacial changes of sea level in Australia have been the subject of considerable debate. The lack of morphological and stratigraphical evidence for Recent (Holocene) higher sea levels in eastern Australia (New South Wales and Queensland) is supported by the radiocarbon dating of eight freshwater peats which outcrop on beaches close to high-water mark (H.W.M.). These dates range from 2,985 to 4,730 years ago (mean 3,625). Together with several older wood dates from in situ stumps below H.W.M. and 14C assays of shells from buried tidal flat environments, they fail to indicate that sea level rose above its present position between 2,985 and at least 9,000 B.P. l http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6M-48CGJ08-DC&_user=554534&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F1969&_rdoc=4&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235818%231969%23999929997%23419802%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5818&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=11&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=7e977c57b29ff9fe0681fd1eb4ce9abc" doi:10.1016/0025-3227(69)90038-3 <? Macphail, M.K. 1999G A hidden cultural landscape: colonial Sydney's plant microfossil record 79-109! Australian Historical Archaeology 17k Sydney, General Post Office, GPO, New South Wales, NSW, archaeology, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, Order issues through http://www.asha.org.au/ ?
Macphail, M.K. Unpublished reportV Sydney, Black Wattle Bay, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating% Contact Mike Macphail or Matt Prebble <C .; + Matiu Prebble
Robin Sim
Jan Finn
David Fink 2005j A Holocene pollen and diatom record from Vanderlin Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, lowland tropical Australia 357-371 Quaternary Research 64 3v Walala, Vanderlin Island, Northern Territory, NT, Gulf of Carpentaria, pollen, palynology, diatoms, radioc '?U McKenzie, G.M.
Kershaw, A.P. 2000N The last glacial cycle from Wyelangta, the Otway region of Victoria, Australia 177-1931 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 155C Wyelangta, Otway, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology This paper presents the first long Quaternary palynological record from the Otway region of Victoria, an area which is biogeographically important in that it is an outlier of the southeastern highlands containing distinctive forest vegetation with great similarities to the island of Tasmania. The record is derived from a small remnant patch of cool temperate rainforest dominated by Nothofagus cunninghamii surrounded by tall open eucalypt forest. Three clear phases are identified: an older rainforest phase dated to beyond 40,000 years BP which probably represents the latter part of Oxygen Isotope Stage 5; a phase of more open vegetation which covers at least part of the last glacial period; and a younger rainforest phase of Holocene age. The record is significant in providing refinements to late Quaternary climatic estimates from southeastern Australia utilising the climatic profiles of key rainforest taxa, and in indicating the likely presence and nature of a glacial rainforest ‘refugium'. The occurrence of a major rain forest tree, Phyllocladus, during the early forest phase and of the subalpine taxon Gunnera, during the last glacial period, taxa now restricted to Tasmania, demonstrates an even greater biogeographic link to this island in the recent past. Their extinction on the mainland is consistent with the general demise of cool temperate taxa with close Gondwanan affinities on the Australian mainland through the Late Cenozoic period. Their late disappearance contributes to the growing list of mainland extinctions of ancient and geographically interesting taxa adding weight to the proposal that Aboriginal burning has had a substantial impact on the Australian landscape during the last glacial cycle.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-3Y6H0RJ-B&_user=554534&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F2000&_alid=583280145&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=a4d7484edcc584a163095275bee0075a" doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00100-5 e?V < Gell, P.A.
Barker, P.A.
De Deckker, P.
Last, W.M.
Jellad, L. 1994| The Holocene history of West Basin Lake, Victoria, Australia, chemical changes based on fossil biota and sediment mineralogy 235-258 Journal of Palaeolimnology 12f West Basin Lake, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, diatoms, pinus, radiocarbon datingK?W J Dodson, J.R.
Frank, K.
Fromme, M.
Hickson, D.
McRae
Mooney, S.
Smith, J.D. 1994P Environmental Systems and Human Impact at Cobrico Crater, South Western Victoria 27-40 Australian Geographical Studies 32g Cobrico Crater, Cobrico Swamp, southwestern Victoria, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire #?X
Mooney, S. 1997t A fine-resolution palaeoclimatic reconstruction of the last 2000 years from Lake Keilambete, south-eastern Australia 139-149 The Holocene 7 2i Lake Keilambete, southwestern Victoria, western plains, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology ?Y 2 D'Costa, D.M.
Edney, P.
Kershaw, P.
De Deckker, P. 1989@ Late Quaternary palaeoecology of Tower Hill, Victoria, Australia 461-482 Journal of Biogeography 16a Tower Hill, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, diatoms, radiocarbon dating, pinus Analyses of microflora and microfauna from two sites within the Tower Hill volcanic complex of western Victoria have provided a detailed and consistent record of vegetation and environments through the last 11,000 years. One of these sites extends the record back to 20,000 years BP and is the first from this intensively studied part of Australia to cover the whole of this period. From about 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, shallow, slightly brackish water was present in Tower Hill lakes whilst surrounding vegetation was of a cool-steppe type, with no known modern analogue, existing under climatic conditions that were cooler, drier and probably windier than today. Maximum aridity, as indicated by higher salinity levels and lake drying, occurred between 15,000 and 11,500 BP largely as a result of increasing temperatures. Effective precipitation then increased gradually to maximum Holocene levels between about 8000 and 5000 years BP before a reduction to those of the present day. During the early Holocene, a Casuarina woodland dominated the area and was partially replaced, possibly as a result of higher moisture levels, by more sclerophyllous Eucalyptus dominated vegetation. Subsequently major changes to the vegetation and hydrology were brought about by the activities of European settlers. A statistical comparison of the performance of major taxa in the two diagrams provides a measure of spatial vegetation variation that can be used to assist with an ongoing revegetation of the Tower Hill complex. The establishment of an age for the original eruption, much older than previous estimates, has implications for regional geological stratigraphy and aboriginal occupation.g Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28198909%2916%3A5%3C461%3ALQPOTH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N 9?Z Crowley, G.M.
Kershaw, A.P. 1994d Late Quaternary environmental change and human impact around Lake Bolac, western Victoria, Australia 367-377 Journal of Quaternary Science 9 4m Lake Bolac, Lake Turangmoroke, Fiery Creek, western plains, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire?[ L Head 1989V Prehistoric Aboriginal impacts on Australian vegetation: an assessment of the evidence 37-46 Australian Geographer 20 1N pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Lake George, Lynch's Crater, Discovery Bay To what extent were Australian vegetation patterns in 1788 a product of human activity? Pollen and charcoal evidence which addresses this question is reviewed. I discuss the nature of the evidence, particularly the difficulties involved in establishing relationships between charcoal and fire history, and between fire history and human activity. I then address the broader question from the perspectives of both time and space by examining three key periods which might be expected to provide relevant evidence: (i) the time of initial human colonisation of the continent; (ii) the late Holocene, when Aboriginal population densities are thought to have increased substantially; and (iii) the last 200 years, when Aboriginal influences on the landscape have been mostly removed. Impacts are likely to have been different in different environments, with vegetation types vulnerable to fire showing the most marked changes. I conclude with a discussion of ways alternative interpretations have been utilised by competing groups in land management debates. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a769314719~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/00049188908702973 ?\
Luly, J.G. 1993X Holocene Palaeoenvironments near Lake Tyrell, semi-arid northwestern Victoria, Australia 587-598 Journal of Biogeography 20S Lake Tyrrell, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating Pollen analyses from the playa Lake Tyrrell in semi-arid northwestern Victoria, Australia record major environmental changes during the Holocene. Amerioration of arid Pleistocene climates after 10,000 BP converted Lake Tyrrell from a dry deflationary basin to an aphemeral lake surrounded by Allocasuarina dominated woodlands with a grass understorey. A marked increase in rainfall at about 6600 BP transformed the lake from an ephemeral to a permanent water body. This increase in rainfall coincided with the migration of mallee vegetation to the region, a rapid expansion in Callitris populations and development of a more active fire regime. Drier conditions prevailed between 2200 BP and 800 BP but mallee remained the dominant vegetation. Fully modern conditions date from 800 BP. The magnitude of Holocene environmental change reported from Lake Tyrrell is greater than that usually recognized from sites in humid southeastern Australia. A comparison of conclusion drawn from Lake Tyrrell with previously published accounts from Lake Frome suggests that significant Holocene environmental change was widespread in the semi-arid lands of southern Australia.g Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28199311%2920%3A6%3C587%3AHPNLTS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 J?] Head, L. 1988g Holocene vegetation, fire and environmental history of the Discovery Bay region, south-western Victoria 21-49 Australian Journal of Ecology 13 Discovery Bay, Victoria, VIC, southwestern Victoria, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, macrofossils, Bridgewater Lagoon, Boomer Swamp, Long Swamp ?^ % Ladd, P.G.
Orchista, D.W.
Joyce, E.B. 1992. Holocene vegetation history of Flinders Island 757-767 New Phytologist 122 Killicrankie Swamp, Middle Patriarch Swamp, Flinders Island, Bass Strait, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating Two swamp sites on Flinders Island in Bass Strait provide evidence of vegetation cover for the period 10000 BP to present. Steppe vegetation in which Compositae Liguliflorae taxa and chenopods were important was present on the Flinders Island part of the Bassian Isthmus during the earliest part of the record. However, it was replaced by eucalypt forest or woodland with a grassy understorey and some shrubs as sea level rose to form the present island by 6000 BP. The eucalypt dominated vegetation became less important about 940 BP when Callitris became prominent until very recently. This change may be related to a drier climate.
Flinders Island is one of the few sites in Australia where humans were absent for an extended time (c. 4700 to 200 BP) during the Holocene. There is no particular indication of pollen or charcoal changes which can be related to the disappearance of humans from the island. However, at Killiecrankie Swamp the arrival of Europeans 200 yr ago probably caused the increased charcoal input to the swamp sediments and the vegetation change observed. Likewise Middle Patriarch Swamp records changes due to clearing and swamp drainage in the most recent times. The fact that the swamp deposits contain charcoal and pollen, together with the density of swamps on the eastern side of the island means the area is very favourably placed to provide detailed information on firing regimes unaffected by humans, in a sclerophyll vegetation very similar to that in large areas of southeastern Australia.
In the light of the pollen evidence from this study and that from other southeastern mainland and Tasmanian sites it is suggested that the apparent prominence of Casuarina in the southwest of Victoria and southeast of South Australia during the early Holocene was due to local soil factors and drier climate. Later changes in soil and climate led to a decrease in Casuarina and increase in Eucalyptus.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00104.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00104.x ?_ Hope, G. 1999i Vegetation and fire response to late Holocene human occupation in island and mainland north west Tasmania 47-60 Quaternary International 59 1 Stockyard Swamp, Hunter Island, Sundown Swamp, Sundon Point, Cape Barren Island, Phil's Hill, Tasmania, macrofossils, macrobotany, charcoal, fire, Tas, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Short sections of organic lagoon sediments have been obtained from two coastal localities, one at Sundown Point on the northwest coast of Tasmania and the other from Stockyard Swamp, 3 km inland on Hunter Island about 60 km to the north. Both sites are infilled swales of transgressive dune fields and provide records of vegetation and fire over the past 4000 yr. Sundown Point has sustained moderate levels of burning until around 2000 BP when a general increase occurs until the time of European occupation. Coastal heath vegetation with eucalypts was maintained until clearance of the area for pasture. Stockyard Swamp has a distinct phase of high carbonised particle accumulation from 4000 to about 2500 BP. This is followed by moderate to low levels of charcoal to the surface. Increased woody vegetation is associated with the higher carbonised particle phase. These prehistoric vegetation and charcoal sequences may reflect a possible correlation with the intensity of human occupation. The high charcoal phase at Stockyard Swamp appears to coincide with a period of possible abandonment of Hunter Island by Aborigines hypothesised from archaeological records. By comparison to the mainland Tasmanian site which experienced presumed continuous occupation after 3000 BP, Hunter Island would appear to have experienced a more variable fire regime after 2800 BP, which may reflect larger but less frequent natural fires, or occasional visits. A steady state on mainland northwest Tasmania was greatly upset by the arrival of the Europeans. * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-3WMK61J-6&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1999&_alid=583315720&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=search&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=d421e3acee8ba71a900f7b842d8e730a" doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(98)00071-8 ?` @ Anker, S.A.
Colhoun, E.A.
Barton, C.E.
Peterson, M.
Barbetti, M. 2001\ Holocene Vegetation and Paleoclimatic and Paleomagnetic History from Lake Johnston, Tasmania 264-274 Quaternary Research 56 2h Lake Johnston, Tullabardine Swamp, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating Lake Johnston cirque contains some of the best subalpine rainforest in Tasmania. Pollen from the sediments shows Lagarostrobos franklinii, which presently reaches 1040 m, may be a glacial relict. Nothofagus cunninghamii–Nothofagus gunnii subalpine rainforest developed between 9000 and 6000 14C yr B.P., with a maximum at 8700 14C yr B.P. After 6000 14C yr B.P. Nothofagus gunnii became more important, and from 3600 14C yr B.P. sclerophyll and heath components increased. Partial burning of the catchment occurred periodically. Early Holocene climate was warmer and wetter than late Holocene climate. The vegetation and climate changes are similar to those recorded from western South Island New Zealand and Chile. Radiocarbon dates give a sedimentation rate of 0.43 mm/yr. Cores are correlated by magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic ages are assigned by matching with the 14C-dated secular variation master curve for southeastern Australia. Magnetic ages are consistent with the 14C chronology when the former are adjusted by 350 years. ( http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-45B661N-14&_user=554534&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2001&_alid=583317411&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=3f1494e5ef3ca3dbcb239ba978ff1e3d doi:10.1006/qres.2001.2233 ?a
Colhoun, E.A. 1992Q Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history at Poets Hill Lake, Western Tasmania 11-23 Australian Geographer 23= Poets Hill, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Pollen analysis of 3.25 m of late glacial and Holocene sediments gives a mid-altitude (600 m) record of vegetation development after the last or Margaret Glaciation. Alpine herbfield, coniferous heath and Nothofagus gunnli scrub developed on the moraines until 11,400 BP. Wet montane forest and heath then developed with Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Nothofagus cunninghamii and Eucalyptus until c. 10,000 BP. After 10,000 BP a mosaic of N. cunninghamii rainforest, Myrtaceae and Proteaceae scrub and Sprengelia incarnata heath occurred. The development of the vegetation from alpine communities to temperate rainforest, which is near its limit at 600 m, occurred under the influence of improving climatic conditions with rapid upslope migration or local expansion of taxa during the late glacial. Temperatures were warm enough for the development of rainforest at 600 m by 10,000 BP, if not earlier. The development of a mosaic of rainforest, scrub and heath vegetation rather than extensive rainforest after 10,000 BP reflects the influence of poor soils, bad drainage and fires. Comparison with similar pollen diagrams from western Tasmania suggests that the development of pollen/vegetation associations was time transgressive with altitude during the late glacial when climatic influences and migration rates were important, and that the mosaic of vegetation communities became more complex during the Holocene because of adjustment to or control by local ecological factors. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a769305924~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/00049189208703049 $?b Thomas, I 1995 295-3013 1993 Institute of Australian Geographers Conference 45 Gale Dixon
Donna Aitken Monash Publications in GeographyV Melaleuca Inlet, Tasmania, Tas, radiocarbon dating, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Y&?c Colhoun, E.
et al., 1991 337-354 Australian Geographical Studies 29?d ( Colhoun, E.A.
van de Geer, G.
Hannan, D. 1991R Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history at Dublin Bog, north-central Tasmania 337-354 Australian Geographical Studies 29= palynology, pollen, Dublin Bog, Tasmania, Tas, charcoal, fire
F?e 0 K E Fitzsimmons
E J Rhodes
J W Magee
T T Barrows in pressR The timing of linear dune activity in the Strzelecki and Tirari Deserts, Australia Quaternary Science Reviews Linear dunes, OSL dating, Strzelecki Desert, Tirari Desert, Lake Eyre, Muloorina, Innamincka, Oonabrinta, aridity, aeolian, South Australia, SA Linear dunes occupy more than one third of the Australian continent, but the timing of their formation and their reliability as proxies for arid conditions is poorly understood. In this study we collected 82 samples from 26 sites across the Strzelecki and Tirari Deserts in the driest part of central Australia to provide an optically stimulated luminescence chronology for the dunefields. The dunes preserve up to four stratigraphic horizons, bounded by palaeosols, which represent evidence for multiple periods of reactivation punctuated by episodes of increased environmental stability. Enhanced dune activity took place in discrete phases around 72-60ka, 36-30ka, 20-18ka, 14-10ka and 0-4ka, although intermittent partial mobilisation persisted at other times throughout the last 75ka. Dune construction occurred when sediment was available for aeolian transport; in the Strzelecki and Tirari Deserts, this coincided with cold, arid conditions during oxygen isotope chronozone (OIC) 4, late OIC 3 and OIC 2, and the warm, dry climate of the late Holocene. Localised influxes of sediment on active floodplains and lake floors during the relatively more humid periods OIC 5a/b and OIC 5d also resulted in dune formation. The timing of widespread dune reactivation coincided with glaciation in southeastern Australia, along with cooler sea surface temperatures and increased ice volumes in the southern hemisphere and Antarctica.$ DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.010 D?f P Moss 1994? Late Holocene environments of Den Plain, north-western Tasmania Department of Geography Melbourne University of Melbourne< Den Plain, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Honoursg?g 5 Dodson, J.R.
Mitchell, F.J.G.
Bogeholz, H.
Julian, N. 1998t Dynamics of temperate rainforest from fine resolution pollen analysis, upper Ringarooma river, northeastern Tasmania 550-561 Australian Journal of Ecology 23 6p Ringarooma River, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, 210Pb dating, radiocarbon dating, SIRM, LOI ?h Ellis, R.C
Thomas, I 1988 Pre-settlement and post-settlement vegetational change and probable Aboriginal influences in a highland forested area in Tasmania 199-214l Australia's Ever-changing Forests: Proceedings of the First National Conference on Australian Forest History Kevin J. Frawley
Noel M. Semple CanberraJ Department of Geography and Oceanography, Australian Defence Force AcademyC Big Heathy Swamp, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire?i " M.P. Black
S.D. Mooney
H.A. Martin 2006W A >43,000-year vegetation and fire history from Lake Baraba, New South Wales, Australia 3003-3016 Quaternary Science Reviews 25 21-22t Lake Baraba, Thirlmere Lakes, Blue Mountains, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Palaeoenvironmental sequences that describe the vegetation of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and of the subsequent climatic amelioration are relatively rare in the Australian, Southeast Asian and Pacific region (SEAPAC region). Here, we present the results of a palynological investigation from Lake Baraba, located in eastern Australia, which extends beyond 43 ka. Bands of oxidised sediment prior to the LGM suggest lake level fluctuations, however, lacustrine clays continued to be deposited throughout the LGM and into the early Holocene when the deposition of peat was initiated. The vegetation, a Casuarina woodland/shrubland with a mixed understorey, remained relatively stable from >43 kyr to the early Holocene, suggesting that this sclerophyllous vegetation was resilient to changes in climate. The vegetation of the LGM at Lake Baraba does not conform to previous descriptions of a treeless south-eastern Australia, and it is possible that it was a refugium for woodland. Myrtaceae expanded at the expense of Casuarinaceae from the early Holocene, with charcoal analyses suggesting that fire was an unlikely explanation. There was no apparent relationship between Aboriginal site usage and fire activity and hence how Aboriginal people used fire at Lake Baraba remains speculative.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBC-4KBDWR2-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2006&_alid=594978174&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5923&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=5&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=56c33a4d9afae8b76b4ef671d404561c* doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.04.006 X ?j Black, M.P.
Mooney, S.D. 2006 Holocene fire history from the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, New South Wales, Australia: the climate, humans and fire nexus 41-51 Regional Environmental Change 6 1-2h Gooches Crater, Newnes Plateau, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire~ This study presents a reconstruction of the fire activity of the last ~14,200 cal. years BP (before AD 1950) from Gooches Crater Right, located on the Newnes Plateau, approximately 150 km to the west of Sydney (~33°27′S, 150°16′E) within the Blue Mountains National Park. Charcoal analysis and palynology were undertaken with the aim of untangling any inter-relationship between climate, humans and fire. A chronology of the site was provided by radiocarbon dating. The dominant control on fire in this environment during the Holocene appears to be climate. Periods of climate change, identified in previous studies, are associated with higher levels of fire activity. Fire was less ubiquitous between ~9,000 and 6,000 years BP, a period normally described as having a higher effective moisture in south-eastern Australia. The mid-Holocene fluctuations in charcoal may reflect anthropogenic fire, climate forcing or alternatively human responses to any climate change. Coeval changes in palaeoclimatic sequences elsewhere and palynology at the site support a climatic explanation or that Aboriginal people used fire within a climatic framework.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/77160v84623k4x65/?p=b17f0a79bc104f4cb7e423cb58507ead&pi=3 DOI 10.1007/s10113-005-0003-8
@ D?k M P Black 2006 A Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental investigation of the fire, climate, human and vegetation nexus from the Sydney Basin, Australia6 School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Sydney University of New South Wales Gooches Crater, Newnes Plateau, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Lake Baraba, Kings Waterhole, Sydney Basin, Howes Waterhole Swamp PhD It is widely believed that Australian Aboriginals utilised fire to manage various landscapes however to what extent this use of fire impacted on Australia’s ecosystems remains uncertain. The late Pleistocene/Holocene fire history from three sites within the Sydney Basin, Gooches Swamp, Lake Baraba and Kings Waterhole, were compared with archaeological and palaeoclimatic data using a novel method of quantifying macroscopic charcoal, which is presented in this study. The palynology of the three sites was also investigated. The Gooches Swamp fire record appeared to be most influenced by climate and there was an abrupt increase in fire activity from the mid-Holocene perhaps associated with the onset of modern El Niño dominated conditions. The Kings Waterhole site also displayed an abrupt increase in charcoal at this time however there was a marked decrease in charcoal from ~3 ka. Similarly Lake Baraba displayed low levels of charcoal in the late Holocene. At both Kings Waterhole and Lake Baraba archaeological evidence suggests intensified human activity in the late Holocene during this period of lower and less variable charcoal. It is hence possible that Aboriginal people dominated fire activity in the late Holocene perhaps in response to the increased risk of large intense fires under an ENSO-dominated climate became more prevalent. The fire history of the Sydney Basin varies temporally and spatially and therefore it is not possible to use a single type of fire regime as a management objective. There were no major changes in the composition of the flora at all sites throughout late Pleistocene/Holocene although there were some changes in the relative abundance of different taxa. It is suggested that the Sydney Sandstone flora, which surrounds the sites, is relatively resistant to environmental changes. Casuarinaceae was present at Lake Baraba during the Last Glacial Maximum and therefore the site may have acted as a potential refugium for more mesic communities. There was a notable decline in Casuarinaceae during the Holocene at Lake Baraba and Kings Waterhole, a trend that has been found at a number of sites from southeastern Australia. ?l Black, Manu P
Mooney, Scott D. 2007 The response of Aboriginal burning practices to population levels and El Nino-Southern Oscillation events during the mid- to late-Holocene: a case study from the Sydney Basin using charcoal and pollen analysis 37-52 Australian Geographer 38 1W Kings Waterhole, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Sydney Basin Pollen and macroscopic charcoal have been analysed from a sedimentary sequence representing approximately 6100 years from a site within Wollemi National Park. This is located to the north-west of Sydney and forms a part of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. The overall aim of the work was to examine the prehistoric interrelationships between vegetation, fire and human activity. There were relatively minor changes in the vegetation over the last 6000 years, perhaps reflecting the climate- and fire-resilient nature of the sclerophyllous vegetation found on Hawkesbury Sandstone throughout the Sydney Basin. Casuarinaceae declined in the late Holocene, a trend that has been detected in numerous palaeoecological studies throughout south-eastern Australia. This decline was unrelated to fire, which has been a persistent feature at the site over the entire analysed sequence. The fire regime at the site changed from 5.7 ka, which is interpreted as reflecting the onset of increased climatic variability associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Another dramatic change in the fire regime occurred at 3 ka, which was coeval with archaeological changes in the region. It is possible that the change in fire activity from 3 ka represented an alteration to Aboriginal management strategies associated with an increasing population and/or the increased risk of conflagrations in an ENSO-dominated climate. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a778613187~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/00049180601175857 -?m ! S. D. Mooney
M. Webb
V. Attenbrow 2007 A Comparison of Charcoal and Archaeological Information to Address the Influences on Holocene Fire Activity in the Sydney Basin 177-194 Australian Geographer 38 2V Griffith Swamp, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire The influence of Aboriginal people on fire activity and hence the vegetation of Australia has long been debated. This study aimed to document the local fire activity of the Holocene in the catchment of a small freshwater reed swamp located in the Sydney Basin and to compare this with nearby archaeological evidence; including artefact discard rates and the number of base camps and activity locations used through time. This archaeological evidence was used as an index of human activity through time to assess anthropogenic influences on fire activity. Charcoal (>250 µm) was quantified in a radiocarbon-dated sediment core from Griffith Swamp covering 6000 calibrated years BP. A substantial increase in fire activity was found from 3000 years BP and a lesser increase approximately 700 years ago. The change in fire activity at 3000 years BP was approximately coeval with changes in archaeological evidence from Upper Mangrove Creek, suggesting either greater human presence in the landscape or altered subsistence and land-use strategies. Fire frequency in the catchment of Griffith Swamp peaked at about eight episodes per century, perhaps in response to environmental change that promoted both increased human activity and a higher natural fire frequency. This study provides an extended temporal perspective on fire and humans in this landscape, demonstrating how palaeoecology can provide practical information for the contemporary management of such fire-prone ecosystems. DOI: 10.1080/00049180701392774 ?n Dodson, J. R.
Thom, B. G. 1992G Holocene vegetation history from the Hawkesbury Valley, New South Wales 121-1345 Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 113K Hawkesbury Valley, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire ?o Johnson, A. G. 1994= Late Holocene environmental changes on Kurnell Peninsula, NSW 119-1325 Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 114m Marton Swamp, Kurnell Peninsula, Botany Bay, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire ?p Martin, A.R.H. 1994 Kurnell Fen: an eastern Australian coastal wetland, its Holocene vegetation, relevant to sea-level change and aboriginal land use 311-332% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 80l Kurnell Fen, Kurnell Peninsula, Botany Bay, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire_ Pollen analysis of a 3.4 m core from residual fenland at the eastern end of Kurnell Peninsula shows that woodland cover of Eucalyptus spp., Angophora costata, Banksia integrifolia/B. serrata and Casuarina spp. suffered losses about 5000 BP when a nearby coastal protobarrier was destabilised by rising sea level, while rapidly-formed fen peat replaced slowly formed O2-depleted, algal and FeS-rich fine detritus gyttja. Fire frequency was low up to this time.
Woodland partly recovered over a 2000 yr period despite heavier or more frequent firing coincident with the entry of hunter-gathering aboriginal (Pre-Bondaian) people. The peatland, formerly sedge/Triglochin, became dominated by marsh ferns between 4000 and 2000 BP; these were largely replaced during a major change to a more acid peat, with an expansion of Sphagnum bog elements, associated with acidiphilous diatoms.
Minor destabilisation of local duneland ca. 1700 BP brought fine sand into the fen basin. Dryland plant cover increased after 1700 BP but mainly dominated locally by a more seral Monotoca/Leptospermum scrub. Bog has reverted to Baumea rubiginosa-Triglochin procera fen with few diatoms, possibly due to recent salt-spray access. This and the more seral vegetation may be linked to higher population density or greater continuity of tenure of later (Bondaian) aboriginal peoples, post-2000 BP. " doi:10.1016/0034-6667(94)90008-6 ?q
Johnson, A.G. 2000x Fine resolution palaeoecology confirms anthropogenic impact during the Late Holocene in the Lower Hawkesbury Valley, NSW 209-235 Australian Geographer 31 2 Mill Creek, Hawkesbury Valley, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, 210Pb dating, radiocarbon dating, magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry, SIRM
This study reconstructs environmental conditions at Mill Creek, within the lower Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley, by the use of fine resolution palaeoecological studies of sediments. Archaeological surveys and historical accounts are used to investigate ecosystem response to known human activities. Research found that during prehistoric times (between 820 BP and the 1790s), the study area was well vegetated with dry sclerophyll communities on the valley sides, and a highly productive wetland community occupied the moist valley floor. Valley sides were generally stable, and little fire was evident in the landscape. Sediment was mainly deposited on the valley floor from the Hawkesbury-Nepean River during flood. After European settlement in the 1790s, sedimentation rates and charcoal preserved within sediments increased significantly, probably due to agricultural and clearing practices, both locally and upstream. Consequently, vegetation communities were altered. In 1967, the study area became part of Dharug National Park. Forestry and agricultural activities were excluded from the catchment, and the fire regime was reduced in frequency. Present-day vegetation communities appear to be becoming more like those that prevailed during prehistoric times. However, sedimentation rates remain elevated due to continued disturbance to the greater Hawkesbury River catchment. Recent poor water quality, coupled with a succession of floods on the Hawkesbury River, has increased wetland productivity levels, and their spatial extent, at Mill Creek. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713612247~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/713612247 E?r Kodela, P. G.
Dodson, J. R. 1989` A late Holocene vegetation and fire record from Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, New South Wales 317-3265 Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 110 4c South Salvation Creek Swamp, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire ?s Dodson, J.R.
Lu, J.J. 2000] A late Holocene vegetation and environment record from Byenup Lagoon, south-western Australia 41-54 Australian Geographer 31 1H Byenup Lagoon, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire) South-western Australia has a Mediterranean-type climate and its infertile soils support a highly diverse angiosperm flora. Little is known of the vegetation history of this region, and this means that little can be said of the roles of environmental stability, climate change, or human impact on the maintenance or development of the high biodiversity of the region. This study presents a pollen and fossil charcoal record from two peat profiles from a freshwater lagoon region near Lake Muir, east of Manjimup, in south-western Australia. The record shows a glimpse of an early Holocene where a mix of Casuarina and eucalypts with an understorey of heath and some open herbaceous vegetation, including chenopods, occurred. Fire was not an important factor at this time. The main record begins from about 4800 BP, and shows a vegetation mix of Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata, with the latter becoming dominant by about 3500 BP. Corymbia calophylla again becomes prominent in the last few centuries. A heathy understorey is present throughout the last 4800 years, but was apparently less dense during phases when C. calophylla was more prominent. Melaleuca woodland has been the main vegetation type around the wetland areas and areas of inundation since the mid-Holocene. Major fire periods at Byenup, around 4200 BP and between about 3000 and 2000 BP, did not result in major vegetation changes. An analysis of cation content in the sediments suggests that weathering and erosion rates have been relatively stable throughout the record, but an increase in phosphorus and possibly organic matter in the surface layers suggests that agricultural practices have led to changes in the chemistry of sediments. It is hypothesised that an increase in effective precipitation about 4800 BP led to the initiation of the continuous part of the sediment record at Byenup. This increase most likely resulted from a more effective westerly wind stream. Changes since this time are more likely a result of changing fire regime and the interaction of species, rather than climate shifts. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713612241~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/00049180093529 ?t Dodson, J.R.
Chant, J.
Daly, J. 1995F Human impact recorded in urban wetlands sediments in Sydney, Australia 113-124 Man and Culture in Oceania 11 4X Trenerry Reserve, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire ?u & Mooney, S.D.
Watson, J.R.
Dodson, J.R. 1997c Late Holocene environmental change in an upper montane area of the Snowy Mountains, New South Wales 185-200 Australian Geographer 28 2V Brooks Ridge Fen, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire This study examines environmental change in the upper montane zone of the Australian Eastern Highlands during the late Holocene, by analysing vegetation, fire and erosion records contained within a small fen located in a frost hollow. Differences in environmental parameters across the prehistoric - historic boundary were particularly investigated in an attempt to characterise better the changes associated with the imposition of European land-use practices. Decreases in arboreal pollen and an increased charcoal concentration near the base of the analysed sequence, interpreted to be about 1600 y BP until about 1300 y BP, are suggestive of reduced moisture availability. After this, a period of relative stability continued to the close of the prehistoric period. The arrival of Europeans in the region triggered changes in the sediment record, including an increase in the accumulation of sediment by an order of magnitude, and changes in the surrounding vegetation. Saturated isothermal remnant magnetism (SIRM) was found to be significantly higher in the historic period compared to the analysed prehistoric period, suggesting an alteration in the erosional processes within the catchment. The concentration of charcoal was comparable between the prehistoric and historic periods; however, the increased sedimentation rate of the historic period infers an increased accumulation of charcoal. Fire did not appear to be related to the vegetation changes evident in the historic period, perhaps due to the use of cool fires by the pastoralists. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a769296833~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/00049189708703192 ?v 8 Hopkins, M.S.
Ash, J.
Graham, A.W.
Head, J.
Hewett, R.K. 1993 Charcoal evidence of spatial extent of the eucalyptus woodland expansions and rainforest contractions in North Queensland during the late Pleistocene 357-372 Journal of Biogeography 20E Queensland, QLD, north Queensland, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fireg Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28199307%2920%3A4%3C357%3ACEOTSE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F U?w * Atahan, P.
Dodson, J.R.
Itzstein-Davey, F. 2004\ A fine-resolution Pliocene pollen and charcoal record from Yallalie, south-western Australia 199-205 Journal of Biogeography 31Q Yallalie Impact Crater, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Aim This paper aims to reconstruct a high-resolution fire and vegetation history from a period when humans were absent in Australia. This is then used to comment on the frequency of natural fire in high biodiversity heathland, and to compare this with historical fire regime in the same region.
Methods A section of varved sediment covering a period of c. 84 years was taken from Palaeolake Yallalie in south-western Australia. The sediments were separated into approximately single to small multiples of years and then analysed for charcoal, pollen and sediment analysis to reconstruct the environmental conditions at the time.
Results The charcoal record indicates fire recurrence to have been roughly between 5 and 13 years, a little longer than those of the historical period. The pollen record was dominated by Casuarinaceae, Myrtaceae and a large number of Proteaceae species; these are intermixed with Araucariaceae, Nothofagus and Podocarpus. This suggests there was a mix of sclerophyll woodland and a mosaic of rain forest elements, thus conditions must have been wetter, particularly in the summers, compared with today.
Conclusions We assume that fire was most likely confined to the sclerophyll vegetation, and that fire has been a significant feature of the environment long before humans entered Australia. The slightly longer fire recurrence times compared with the present result from the intermittent nature of lightning and wetter summers at the time.
J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.0305-0270.2003.01017.x% doi:10.1046/j.0305-0270.2003.01017.x ?x 1 Dodson, John R.
Robinson, Michael
Tardy, Claudine 2005v Two fine-resolution Pliocene charcoal records and their bearing on pre-human fire frequency in south-western Australia 592-599 Austral Ecology 30Q Yallalie Impact Crater, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fireE Yallalie is a probable meteor impact crater and in the Upper Pliocene contained a substantial lake. Two Mid-Pliocene finely laminated sediment records from Palaeolake Yallalie, from about 3 million years ago, provide evidence of fire and fire frequency in the sclerophyll woodland and heaths of south-western Australia in the absence of humans. Fine charcoal was observed in all samples examined, and was deposited at a rate of about 0.3–0.8 cm2 cm-2 year-1 in Palaeolake Yallalie. This evidence suggests the occurrence of annual fires occurring every year in the slightly warmer and wetter climate compared with today. The near coastal western location and the prevailing westerly winds probably carry charcoal from the near region or lake catchment scale. The data indicate that local fires occurred at a variety of time intervals between 3 and 13 years, with a typical average of 6–10 years. The results are comparable with those of Atahan et al. (2004) for the same site but from a period of about 200 000 years later in the Mid-Pliocene. Thus, the records which differ in age by some hundreds of thousands of years have all recorded fire frequencies that are longer than for the historical period and this may have important implications for the long-term survival of the integrity of the high biodiversity plant communities of the region. M http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/aec/2005/00000030/00000005/art00012% DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01490.x?y / Cupper, Matthew L
Drinnan, Andrew N
Thomas, Ian 2000s Holocene palaeoenvironments of salt lakes in the Darling Anabranch region, south-western New South Wales, Australia 1079-1094 Journal of Biogeography 27 5n Warrananga Salt Lake, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Tooperoopna Salt Lake, aridity Fossil pollen preserved within small salt lake basins in the Australian interior is used to reconstruct mid- to late Holocene vegetation. The study aims to identify the origin of problems such as woodland decline and salinization within present ecosystems. Location
Warrananga and Tooperoopna salt lakes, south-western New South Wales, Australia. Methods
Pollen, carbonized particle and sedimentological analyses of cores taken from salt lakes. Results
Prior to c. 4500 years ago, the region supported a dense cover of Casuarinaceae woodlands. It is possible that the subhumid zone species Allocasuarina luehmannii comprised some of the Casuarinaceae element. In the late Holocene, A. luehmannii disappeared from the record and chenopodiaceous low shrublands expanded. About 2000 years ago, Callitris representation decreased. Woodland contraction also occurred after European settlement. Main conclusions
Increasing aridity or greater seasonal variation in the climate during the late Holocene caused a contraction of woodland vegetation. Increased proportions of Chenopodiaceae may indicate soil salinization around the basins. A decrease in Callitris was possibly due to heightened severity or frequency of drought events after 2000 years ago. Decline in woodland pollen in the uppermost samples is explained by the preferential clearing of Callitris glaucophylla, Callitris gracilis and Casuarina pauper for timber and their limited regeneration because of browsing by stock and rabbits.
Keywords:
O http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/jbiog/2000/00000027/00000005/art00003% DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00486.x T ?z . van de Geer, G.
Fitzsimons, S.J.
Colhoun, E.A. 1989W Holocene to Middle Last Glaciation vegetation history at Newall Creek, western Tasmania 549-558 New Phytologist 111S Newall Creek, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, charcoal, fire Pollen analysis and 14C dating of 5.5m of organic-rich soil and fluviatile deposits from Newall Creek (altitude 140 m) indicate that temperate rainforest (0-11 K yr B.P.) was preceded by grassland-herbland (11 to 21 K yr B.P.), and then by open grassy Eucalyptus woodland.
Comparison with a lake-swamp site at Tullabardine Dam showed that the main vegetation changes were comparable making allowance for some spatial variations in the taxa represented and the lower quantity of pollen in the fluviatile deposits.
The inferred sequence of climatic change was from a cool moist interstadial through a cold last glacial maximum to a warm moist Holocene environment, a sequence also indicated at Tullabardine.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb00717.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb00717.x ?{
Colhoun, E.A. 1985Q Pre-last glaciation maximum vegetation history at Henty Bridge, Western Australia 681-690 New Phytologist 100? Henty Bridge, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Lake sediments dated to between about 28000 and 20000 years B.P. in the temperate rainforests of western Tasmania show that subalpine to alpine shrub, wet heath and herb communities occurred within 115 m of present sea level before the maximum of the last glaciation (20000 to 18000 years B.P.). The high herb, especially grass, values and charcoal content after about 22000 years B.P. may be related to the advent of aborigines.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02812.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02812.x %?| Dodson, J.R. 2001k A vegetation and fire history in a subalpine woodland and rain-forest region, Solomons Jewel Lake, Tasmania 111-116 The Holocene 11 1F Solomons Jewel Lake, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Solomons Jewel Lake occurs in an area of subalpine woodland with patches of cool temperate rain forest and the conifer Athrotaxis cupressoides, which is found mainly along stream channels. A pollen record shows that the main vegetation types have not varied throughout the last 4000 years but subtle changes are evident in some elements. Apart from a reduction in Eucalyptus for about 300 years, beginning around 3500 BP, the sclerophyll vegetation has remained relatively unchanged. A small decline in rainforest taxa began around 1700 BP, followed by an expansion of Sphagnum from 1200 BP, then Athrotaxis cupressoides and Cyperaceae from 800-900 BP. These trends probably represent a chain of events associated with a cooling which reduced rain forest and allowed wetland areas to expand. These then provided additional habitat for Athrotaxis cupressoides which expanded because the wetlands provided additional protection from fire.Z http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=791264431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=20870&RQT=309&VName=PQD DOI: 10.1191/095968301670253295 ?} W E Boyd 1994G Research Note: Quaternary Pollen Analysis in the Arid Zone of Australia 274-280 Australian Geographical Studies 32 2S Dalhousie Springs, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology, aridity, charcoal, fire ?~ Dodson, J.R. 1986C Holocene vegetation and environments near Goulburn, New South Wales 231-249 Australian Journal of Botany 34 3b Breadalbane Basin, Wet Lagoon, Goulbourn, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire` Three sites from Breadalbane Basin and one from Wet Lagoon near Goulburn were studied to provide a history of vegetation, fire and lake levels in the region. Stratigraphy, a percentage pollen diagram from each site, an influx diagram from two sites and 29 radiocarbon analyses provided the basic data and chronology of the study. The sedimentary history shows that Breadalbane Basin has undergone several cycles of lake phases with sediment accumulation and dry phases with deflation of the lake sediments. The present lake clays and silts of Breadalbane Basin and Wet Lagoon are all Holocene in age. A lake began forming in Breadalbane Basin before 9300 B.P. and probably reached its greatest extent between 7400 and 2700 B.P. At Wet Lagoon water stands were in evidence from 5000 B.P. Over the last 2000 years the sites have dried out and are ephemeral swamps but their water level histories are not necessarily synchronous.
A comparison of the records shows that the vegetation of the region has been open eucalypt woodland with understorey dominated by grasses and herbaceous taxa. The most dramatic change was woodland clearance after the arrival of European settlers. The spread of pollen and charcoal collection sites, however, emphasizes a number of local differences in the vegetation of the region. Casuarina, for example, expanded during the mid Holocene along the escarpment on the western side of Breadalbane Basin. The charcoal input curves show fire was a frequent occurrence in the region but the vegetation was apparently resilient to its effects until European settlers used it as a tool in woodland clearance.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9860231.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9860231 ? & Field, J.H.
Dodson, J.R.
Prosser, I.P. 2002H A late Pleistocene vegetation history from the Australian semi-arid zone 1023-1037 Quaternary Science Reviews 21 8H Cuddie Springs, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Cuddie Springs is an ephemeral lake in central northern New South Wales, Australia. The upper 3 m of sediment consist of lacustrine clays containing a Late Pleistocene sequence of extinct and extant fauna, and in the upper 1.7 m, an associated archaeological record. Changes observed in the pollen sequence include: (i) a peak in charcoal values corresponding to a dramatic decline in Casuarina woodland to chenopod shrubland at 2.5 m, respresenting a climatic shift to more arid conditions; (ii) chenopod shrubland moved into decline with the spread of grasslands around 1.7 m, and the amelioration in climatic conditions persisted until approximately 28,000 BP. A regime emerged which resulted in extended lake dry periods and peak aridity by approximately 19,000 BP and (iii) at 1 m depth, around 19,000 BP a shift to peak arid conditions is observed with a return of Chenopodiaceae and a decline in grasses. The lake entered an ephemeral phase that has persisted until the present day. The broad palaeoenvironmental framework of lake history, climate and vegetation change spans the archaeological and faunal records from Cuddie Springs. The direct association enables a closer examination of causation in faunal extinctions and human subsistence activities in the Australian arid zone.
l http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBC-45GNR8N-B&_user=554534&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2002&_rdoc=13&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235923%232002%23999789991%23299289%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5923&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=22&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=8746173616a12b31be10d1e2f4f2bd4f" doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00057-9 ? Longmore, M.E. 1997 Quaternary Palynological Records from Perched Lake Sediments, Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia: Rainforest, Forest History and Climatic Control 507-526 Australian Journal of Botany 45 3h Old Lake Coomboo, Fraser Island, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon datingV Pollen, carbonised particle and chemical analysis of a 6 m core from the Old Lake Coomboo Depression, a perched lake basin situated in one of the oldest dune systems on Fraser Island, demonstrates vegetation and hydrological change through a series of glacial cycles. The pollen assemblage shifts from predominantly rainforest with Araucaria sp. (Juss.) surrounding a deep water lake at c. 600 ka, to a dryer rainforest with Podocarpus sp. (L’Herit) and an intermediate lake after c. 350 ka, to a more sclerophyllous forest until before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During the Last Interglacial (c. 120 ka) and before (c. 22 ka) the LGM, Araucaria sp. pollen frequencies increase before falling dramatically, open forest appears to shift to the robust association of myrtaceous shrubs characteristic of the older dune systems to the west of the island, and lake levels fall probably below the lake floor. After the LGM, open forest returns, but Araucaria sp. pollen frequencies never recover and the lake becomes an ephemeral system with a fluctuating water-table in the Holocene. The record is interpreted as reflecting retrogressive vegetation succession driven primarily by an overall decrease in effective precipitation over, at least, the last 350 ka. The inferred long-term changes in climate have major implications for the survival of relict rainforest.4 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT96109.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT96109 L ? Longmore, M.E.
Heijnis, H. 1999 Aridity in Australia: Pleistocene records of paleohydrological and palaeoecological change from the perched lake sediments of Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia 35-47 Quaternary International 57-58 5T Old Lake Coomboo, Fraser Island, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire[ A Quaternary sedimentary sequence (ca. 600 ka) from a perched lake (Old Lake Coomboo Depression) on the World Heritage-listed coastal sandmass of Fraser Island has been analysed for dry bulk density, carbonised particles, pollen and chemistry. A chronology has been constructed for the organic sediments using a combination of radiocarbon and uranium/thorium disequilibrium analysis. The lake basin is small (ca. 9 ha) with a restricted groundwater catchment, delimited by an aquitard, and minimal surface runoff. It therefore acts as a sensitive raingauge with the perched groundwater-table, and hence the sediment facies deposited within the lake, reacting sensitively to any changes in the water budget. The sequence passes through a series of glacial cycles, demonstrating hydrologic and vegetation change. The record indicates a long-term, three-stage fall in the water-table from lake-full ca. 600 ka to an ephemeral lake in the Holocene, paralleled by a shift in the vegetation composition from predominantly rainforest to sclerophyllous components. The evidence for fire is minimal at the beginning of the record, increases from >350 ka through the sequence culminating at or before the LGM, is low during the LGM and is relatively high during the Holocene. Succession, fire and climatic change, along with the accumulative effect of a series of 100 ka cycles, are believed to have driven the hydrologic and vegetation change and a human factor is not required to explain the record. Within the overall long-term increase in aridity recorded through about six glacial cycles, there appears to be a variation in the ‘dryness’ signal of glacial maxima, suggesting some form of ‘supercycle’ phenomenon.
This record complements and extends the information available from some of the oldest pollen-analysed Quaternary lake sequences in Australasia, such as Lynch’s Crater in the Atherton Tableland of north Queensland and Lake George in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales; and from some of the most sensitive lacustrine/fluvial sedimentary records in the Lake Eyre basin. Signals for major environmental changes recorded in deep sea cores and the loess deposits of China may also be represented in the record. The implications of the Depression record, if further corroborated, are significant in relation to climatic modelling, rainforest survival and faunal extinction.
l http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-3YN2Y5T-4&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_rdoc=4&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236046%231999%23999419999%23164889%23FLA%23display%23Volumes)&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=21&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=f8dff67daa1a1cda12128a24ee76db6e" doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(98)00048-2 ? Longmore, M.E. 1998 The mid-Holocene "Dry" Anomaly on the Mid-Eastern Coast of Australia: Calibration of Palaeowater Depth as a Surrogate for Effective Precipitation using Sedimentary Loss on Ignition in the Perched Lake Sediments of Fraser island, Queensland 135-160# Palaeoclimates - Data and Modelling 3O Hidden Lake, Fraser Island, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire 9 ? ' Matt Genever
John Grindrod
Bryce Barker 2003 Holocene palynology of Whitehaven Swamp, Whitsunday Island, Queensland, and implications for the regional archaeological record 141-1561 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 201l Whitehaven Swamp, Whitsunday Island, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating1 Palynological study of Whitehaven Swamp, Whitsunday Island, provides the first Holocene palaeoenvironmental record for the Whitsunday region on the central Queensland coast. Sediment stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating indicate continuous freshwater swamp conditions since around 7000 radiocarbon years Before Present (BP). Pollen and charcoal analyses provide local and regional vegetation and fire histories for the site and surrounding area. Varying representation of swamp elements, particularly Leptocarpus and Cyperaceae, provides evidence for phases of permanent and ephemeral swamp conditions. The regional vegetation record is dominated by rainforest, sclerophyll and beach strand elements. Strongest rainforest representation occurs around the mid-Holocene, while sclerophyll elements increase from the late Holocene to present. Charcoal analyses indicate that fire has been a constant component of the Whitsunday environment throughout the period represented. Negative correlation between high charcoal and Leptocarpus pollen concentrations suggests a strong local component to the charcoal record and a history of on-site burning during ephemeral swamp phases. The vegetation reconstruction suggests moister than present conditions at Whitehaven between approximately 7000 to 4500 BP. This complies with claims for a mid-Holocene climatic optimum based on pollen records from the Atherton Tableland to the north, but contrasts with suggested mid-Holocene aridity based on a surrogate lake water level record from Fraser Island to the south. Comparisons with the regional archaeological record provide no evidence for direct links between major environmental change and archaeologically identified cultural change. In particular, claims for late Holocene population intensification are not matched by changes in the charcoal record. This may suggest that widespread vegetation burning was not a predominant feature of hunter–gatherer strategies that were focused towards marine resources, and/or that human-induced fire regimes were already well entrenched prior to intensification.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-49CT17X-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F01%2F2003&_rdoc=8&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%232003%23997989998%23470326%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=10&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=dc22ad056a37a78ddeb55aaf1f5a08f6# doi:1 &? C. Kenyon 2005 41-59, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 117 1@ Moira Marshes, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire ? van der Kaars, S.
De Deckker, P. 2002~ A Late Quaternary pollen record from deep-sea core Fr10/95, GC17 offshore Cape Range Peninsula, northwestern Western Australia 17-39% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 120 1` Core Fr10/95-GC-17, Cape Range Peninsula, West Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Pollen and charcoal analysis on marine sediment core Fr10/95, GC-17 provides a record of vegetation, fire and climate change for the last 100 ka, with a hiatus from 64 to 46 ka, for the Cape Range Peninsula, Western Australia. Our results indicate significantly drier conditions and reduced summer rain after 46 ka compared with 100–64 ka. Periods of maximum summer rain occurred at 100, 80 and 70 ka. Vegetation changed from open Eucalyptus woodlands rich in grasses to open Eucalyptus and Gyrostemon shrublands rich in Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae Tubuliflorae, in the period from 46 to 40 ka. The charcoal record does not suggest human involvement in this vegetation change. The period from 14 to 3 ka was wetter with heavier summer rain compared to today, probably as a result of higher sea-surface temperatures. Increased strength of the Leeuwin Current during the last 5000 years is suggested by the presence of Pteridophyta spores derived from Indonesia.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-45RFN1G-1&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F15%2F2002&_rdoc=2&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%232002%23998799998%23329891%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=10&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=8f6ca815a84cbe9296a256bbee3b0315" doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(02)00075-1 ? Kershaw, A. P. 1994Q Pleistocene vegetation of the humid tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia 399-4121 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 109 2-4y ODP820, Strenekoffs Crater, Atherton Tablelands, tropical Queensland, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fireB The humid tropics area of northeastern Queensland has provided a substantial and detailed history of rainforest and rainforest-savanna interactions from the pollen analysis of a number of sites on the volcanic Atherton Tableland through the latter part of the Quaternary period. A recent extension of the record to close to the base of the Quaternary from examination of an offshore core provides a broad regional and temporal context for evaluation of the true significance of late Quaternary changes. It is apparent that the major sustained change in the vegetation of the region occurred relatively recently, probably within the last 140,000 yr, and that this change was time transgressive. It involved the replacement of extensive moist rainforest by open eucalypt woodland and is considered to have been most likely caused by the burning activities of Aboriginal people. Some aspects of the record from this region can contribute to the history of rainforest on a global scale but other features of it re-inforce the unique nature of the development of Australian vegetation patterns. m http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-48C7FSS-JN&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1994&_rdoc=18&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%231994%23998909997%23567316%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=19&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=2a14081a5be8977383552b4f162b767c! doi:10.1016/0031-0182(94)90188-0 ( D? D’Costa, D.M. (MSc) 1989. 1989O Late Quaternary vegetation and environments from Lake Terang, Western Australia1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash UniversityF Lake Terang, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire MSc? ? Kershaw, A.P.
D'Costa, D.M.
McEwen Mason, J.R.C.
Wagstaff, B.E. 1991d Palynological evidence for Quaternary vegetation and environments of mainland southeastern Australia 391-404 Quaternary Science Reviews 10d Lake Terang, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Morwell Swamp, Victoria, VIC- Recent palynological data have allowed this preliminary reconstruction and interpretation of vegetation and associated environmental conditions for major periods within the Quaternary. It appears that closed-canopied rainforest, which dominated the landscape through much of the Tertiary period was substantially replaced by more open communities around the Tertiary/Quaternary boundary. The nature of the open vegetation changed in response to fluctuating climatic conditions and to the increasing magnitude of these oscillations. The most marked changes occurred within the last glacial/interglacial cycle most likely in response to burning by Aboriginal people. The present domination of the region by Eucalyptus forests and woodlands with a substantial grass cover may date only from the Mid Holocene period. l http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBC-4888C6R-1H&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1991&_rdoc=3&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235923%231991%23999899994%23410938%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5923&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=11&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=73adec8fc66b95915b3ea3a4e089a0cd" doi:10.1016/0277-3791(91)90003-D ? Kershaw, A.P.
Strickland, K.M. 1989? The development of alpine vegetation on the Australian mainland 113-126v The scientific significance of the Australian Alps : the proceedings of the first Fenner Conference on the Environment Good, Roger Canberraf Australian Alps National Parks Liaison Committee in association with the Australian Academy of ScienceR Baw Baw Village, Mustering Flat, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire D? Williams, J.M. 1982- The palaeoecology of a subalpine peat deposit- School of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash University> Crystal Bog, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire MA ?i
Oakes, G.M. 1981 The Jackson's Bog peat deposits Sydney@ Unpublished New South Wales Geological Survey Report GS 1981/596Z Jackson's Bog, Monaro Tablelands, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire
D?j Kemp, J. 1994/ Pleistocene-Holocene transition in southern NSW Department of Geography Canberra Australian National Universityi Micalong Swamp, Rennix Gap, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Honours
K? @ Evelyn S. Krull
Erick A. Bestland
Jan O. Skjemstada
Jeff F. Parr 2006 Geochemistry (δ13C, δ15N, 13C NMR) and residence times (14C and OSL) of soil organic matter from red-brown earths of South Australia: Implications for soil genesis 344-360 Geoderma 132b Phytoliths, Coonawarra-Padthaway, South Australia, SA, stable isotopes, OSL dating, charcoal, soil Soil forming processes important to the development of Red-Brown Earths (duplex soils) in southeastern Australia have been investigated by a combination of techniques, including isotopic (δ13C, δ15N, 14C), spectroscopic (13C NMR, MIR), optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) and phytolith analyses. A distinct increase in clay content, corresponding changes in the abundance of major elements, as well as changes in organic chemistry (13C NMR), stable isotope trends (δ13C, δ15N), and phytolith abundance, are apparent in the transition from the very sandy A horizon to the clayey B horizon in three soil profiles from the Coonawarra–Padthaway region of South Australia. These structural and chemical changes between the A and the B horizons are associated with an abrupt increase in both 14C (bulk soil organic matter) and OSL burial ages of individual quartz grains. While previous interpretations have promoted the formation of duplex red-brown earths as due to clay illuviation, we propose a two-stage soil formation, which may be related to paleoclimatic changes during and after the Last Glacial Maximum. Our data suggest that a major part of the A horizon was aeolian derived and was deposited over the last 10,000 years, whereas much of the B horizon, although originally aeolian, has been extensively modified over much longer periods of time (tens of thousands of years). These results indicate the influence of different substrates (sandy versus clayey), process and time for formation as well as paleoclimatic history on the physical properties of the soil and the chemical characteristics of the organic matter within the soil profile.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V67-4GM467P-1&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2006&_rdoc=8&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235807%232006%23998679996%23622502%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5807&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=22&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=d7c472f69732770f6fdf716595ef5336# doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.06.001 ? * Parr, J.F.
Kerr, G.
Arthur, J.
Taffs, K.H. in pressI Fires and their implications for the acidic peatlands of northeastern NSW A. Korstanje
P. Babot* Altamira and British Archaeological Series ? ! Taffs, K.H.
Parr, J.F.
Bolton, K. 2006f Using palaeobotanical techniques to guide peatland restoration. A case study from Byron Bay, Australia 132-135% Ecological Management and Restoration 7 2P Byron Bay, New South Wales, NSW, palaeolimnology, pollen, palynology, phytoliths Introduction. Low-lying coastal peatlands were once common in the interdune areas of Byron Bay, New South Wales. Although small areas remain, the majority have been cleared and drained for agricultural and urban use during the past century. One of these areas of peatland is currently undergoing review for restoration. This provided an opportunity to investigate the vegetation history of the site to set remediation targets for the restoration project.
Peatlands are valuable ecosystems; highly vulnerable to degradation by a range of activities (Gorham & Rochefort 2003; O'Connell 2003; Rochefort et al. 2003; Vasander et al. 2003). In Australia, peatlands are an unusual and infrequent component of the landscape (Whinam et al. 2003). Mostly distributed in the southeast, in the alpine areas of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, they usually occur between 600 and 1000 m in altitude (Clarke & Martin 1999). However, areas of peat also occur in the coastal lowlands, often in dune swales, both on the east coast of Australia and the southwest coast of Western Australia (Whinam et al. 2003). The vegetation on these sedgeland deposits is usually dominated by Restionaceae and Cyperaceae species rather than Sphagnum and are sometimes forested (Whinam et al. 2003).
In recent years, public awareness of peatlands has increased and much effort has been aimed at the restoration of peatland structure and function (Price et al. 2003; Vasander et al. 2003). Forested peatlands are some of the most urgent sites to be restored as these were the first to be cleared for their agricultural value, and few areas remain (Vasander et al. 2003). The major impediment to expedite restoration of peatlands in Australia is a lack of knowledge of restoration techniques appropriate to the environmental conditions (Whinam et al. 2003). Historical conditions need to be examined to understand how a peatland once functioned naturally and thus how it might best be restored (Steedman et al. 1996). Although some degraded sites can be restored naturally if given enough time, severely degraded sites need human intervention to restore their condition and functionality.
Palaeoecological records can provide valuable baseline data regarding the physical and biological characteristics of a peatland prior to human impact, and can also serve to provide information on the natural variability of these characteristics over long periods of time (Kowalski & Wilcox 1999). Palaeoecology has been used overseas to set remediation targets for peatland restoration (Lavoie et al. 2001; Girard et al. 2002) but it is an under-utilized tool (Gorham & Rochefort 2003), particularly in Australia (Martin 1999). Palaeoecology can supply a detailed reconstruction for a site, and is a valuable tool for clearly establishing the goals of a restoration program (Lavoie et al. 2001).
This project investigated the vegetation composition that contributed to a peat layer in Byron Bay, using palaeobotanical techniques and makes suggestions to assist formulation of the restoration plan for the Byron Bay site. The major aims of this study were to establish a chronology for the peatland sediments; detect any major temporal changes in vegetation types; and identify species that have played a key role in the accumulation of peat at this site.
y http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/showFullText?submitFullText=Full+Text+HTML&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1442-8903.2006.280_1.x% doi:10.1111/j.1442-8903.2006.280_1.x ? # Boyd, W.E.
Lentfer, C.J.
Parr, J.F. 2005 Interactions between human activity, volcanic eruptions and vegetation during the Holocene at Garua and Numundo, West New Britain, PNG 384-398 Quaternary Research 64Y West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, PNG, phytoliths, pollen, palynology, tephrachronology@ This paper reviews recent fossil phytolith analysis from wet tropical West New Britain (Papua New Guinea). The Holocene vegetation has been influenced by spatially and temporally diverse patterns of both prehistoric human settlement and catastrophic volcanic events. We have hypothesized different landscape responses and recovery pathways to events during the last six millennia. Phytolith sequences on the coastal lowlands, the Willaumez Peninsula, and nearby island of Garua provide details of vegetational change and human interactions at different landscape scales since c. 5900 cal yr B.P. During this period four major volcanic eruptions (c. 5900, 3600, 1700 and 1400 cal yr B.P.) have disrupted the landscape. The evidence provides detailed descriptions of temporal and spatial patterning in the impacts and changes in the vegetation. In particular, vegetation responded differently from one event to another, reflecting both forest recovery from seed bank and shooting, and the influence of prehistoric people on recovering vegetation. Furthermore, after some events landscape recovery was moderately uniform, while after others there was considerable landscape partitioning. Although these differences largely relate to airfall tephra type, distribution and magnitude, the partitioning is more strongly influenced by human activity.
e http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-4HDX6YR-1&_user=554534&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005&_rdoc=11&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236995%232005%23999359996%23609945%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=20&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=507ad400c007b6fbde76be691164ddd9 doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.017 ? Parr, J. F.
Sullivan, L. A. 2005' Soil carbon sequestration in Phytoliths 117-124 Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37 19 West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, PNG, phytoliths, soil The role of the organic carbon occluded within phytoliths (referred to in this text as ‘PhytOC‘) in carbon sequestration in some soils is examined. The results show that PhytOC can be a substantial component of total organic carbon in soil. PhytOC is highly resistant to decomposition compared to other soil organic carbon components in the soil environments examined accounting for up to 82% of the total carbon in well-drained soils after 1000 years of organic matter decomposition. Estimated PhytOC accumulation rates were between 15 and 37% of the estimated global mean long-term (i.e. on a millenial scale) soil carbon accumulation rate of 2.4 g C m−2 yr−1 indicating that the accumulation of PhytOC within soil is an important process in the terrestrial sequestration of carbon. The rates of phytolith production and the long-term sequestration of carbon occluded in phytoliths varied according to the overlying plant community. The PhytOC yield of a sugarcane crop was 18.1 g C m−2 yr−1, an accumulation rate that is sustainable over the long-term (millenia) and yet comparable to the rates of carbon sequestration that are achievable (but only for a few decades) by land use changes such as conversion of cultivated land to forest or grassland, or a change of tillage practices from conventional to no tillage. This process offers the opportunity to use plant species that yield high amounts of PhytOC to enhance terrestrial carbon sequestration.
l http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TC7-4D4MDC9-C&_user=554534&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F2005&_rdoc=14&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235163%232005%23999629998%23524415%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5163&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=22&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=c1cf280df0c44abfc3a926fe5dc6ea92" doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.06.013 ? Torrence, R.
Neall, V. E.
Doelman, T.
Rhodes, E.
McKee, C.
Davies, H.
Bonetti, R.
Gugliemetti, A.
Manzoni, A.
Oddone, M.
Parr, J.
Wallace, C. 2004X Pleistocene colonisation of the Bismarck Archipelago: new evidence from West New Britain 101-130 Archaeology in Oceania 39 3` West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, PNG, phytoliths, archaeology, OSL dating, radiocarbon dating= http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=200506625;res=APAFT= http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=200506625;res=APAFT? Parr, J. F.
Carter, M. 2003n Phytolith and starch analysis of sediment samples from two archaeological sites on Dauar Island, Torres Strait 131-141$ Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 12 2< Dauar Island, Torres Strait Islands, archaeology, phytoliths Current archaeological research suggests that first human occupation of the Torres Strait Islands occurred sometime between 2500 and 3000 cal b.p., and evidence indicates that the development of agricultural mound-and-ditch systems occurred there after 1200 cal b.p. Although archaeological remains testify to the existence of a marine based subsistence economy prior to 1200 cal b.p., the potential presence of earlier prehistoric horticultural signatures has yet to be adequately examined. This study investigates such evidence through a preliminary application of fossil phytolith and starch grain analysis using excavated sediments from two archaeological sites on Dauar Island, eastern Torres Strait. The results show the early presence of yam (Dioscorea sp.), and Musa species not endemic to the island. The occurrence of these edible plant types in association with carbonised phytoliths and anthropogenic shell and bone deposits may be indicative of a combined insular horticultural and marine subsistence system on Dauar Island. We suggest that with a larger and appropriate phytolith reference set for the research area, there is a potential to more clearly define human induced changes to vegetation and patterns of subsistence in the Torres Strait Islands.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/597gbmadgydprflw/?p=dc313adc8de64297a8d64c6b6823e868&pi=5 DOI 10.1007/s00334-003-0014-7 ? & Parr, J. F.
Lentfer, C. J.
Boyd, W. E. 2001i Spatial analysis of phytolith assemblages at an archaeological site in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea 125-134. The Archaeology of Lapita Dispersal in Oceania Terra Australis& G.R. Clark
A.J. Anderson
Vunidilo., T. Australian National University Pandanus Books@ West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, PNG, phytoliths, archaeology, ? $ Parr, J. F.
Lentfer, C.J.
Boyd, W.E. 2001u Spatial patterning of a Lapita landscape at an archaeological site in the West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea 7-18% Domodomo (Journal of the Fiji Museum) 13 2@ West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, PNG, phytoliths, archaeology D? 5 Boyd, W. E.
Lentfer, C. J.
Parr, J. F.
Jago, L. C. F. 20045 Holocene vegetation dynamics in West New Britain, PNG& International Palynological Conference Granada@ West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, PNG, phytoliths, archaeology L D? Parr, J. F. 2003 A study of Palaeo-Landscapes in the Numundo region of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, as indicated by Fossil Phytolith Analysis2 Department of Environmental Science and Management Lismore Southern Cross University@ West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, PNG, phytoliths, archaeology PhD D? * Parr, J.F.
Kerr, G.
Arthur, J.
Taffs, K.H. 2003C Fires and their implications for acidic peatlands, northeastern NSW* Ecological Society of Australia Conference Armidale Ecological Society of Australia0 New South Wales, NSW, phytoliths, charcoal, fire7?
Parr, J.F. 2002g A Pre-Lapita Landscape at Numundo, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea as Indicated by Fossil Phytoliths 201= The 17th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Taipei, Taiwan Academia Sinica@ West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, PNG, phytoliths, archaeology ?
Parr, J.F. 2006Q Phytolith analysis of samples from Swears Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland Lismore Southern Cross University? Swears Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, QLD, phytoliths Consultancy report On behalf of Prof Peter Saenger ?
Parr, J.F 20026 West Byron Wetlands Holocene Vegetation History Report Lismore Southern Cross University+ Byron Bay, New South Wales, NSW, phytoliths Consultancy Report On behalf of Dr Keith Bolton5?
Parr, J.F 2001n Phytolith and starch analysis of sediment samples from two archaeological sites on Dauar Island, Torres Strait Lismore Southern Cross University/ Dauar Island, Torres Strait Islands, phytoliths Consultancy Report4 On behalf of Melissa Carter of James Cook University?F? < Taffs, K.H.
Luc J. Farago
Hendrik Heijnis
Geraldine Jacobsen in pressk A diatom based Holocene record of human impact from a coastal environment: Tuckean Swamp, eastern Australia Journal of PaleolimnologyZ Tuckean Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, acid sulphate, 210Pb dating Diatom-based paleolimnological studies are being increasingly used to track anthropogenic change in estuaries. Little is known, however, about the direction and nature of long-term environmental changes in Australian estuaries. In this study, shifts in diatom assemblages preserved in a 210Pb and C14 AMS dated sediment core from Tuckean Swamp were analysed to determine environmental changes that had taken place as a result of changing land-use practices. Prior to European impact, the diatom assemblage remained relatively stable and was dominated by Actinocyclus normanii and Diploneis smithii. An increasing dominance of Cyclotella meneghiniana correlates well with changed land use activities in the catchment area and indicates an increase of freshwater influence in the swamp’s environment. A major shift in species composition began ∼1970, Eunotia flexuosa becoming dominant. The assemblage shifts recorded at this site appear to be consistent with environmental changes triggered by human activities such as vegetation clearance, drainage and the construction of a barrage. This study demonstrates the use of paleolimnoology in an estuarine environment to provide pre-impact data necessary for management of the aquatic environment. DOI 10.1007/s10933-007-9096-z D?
Farago, L. 2002 Using diatoms and pollen as bioindicators of past and contemporary environmental conditions in Tuckean Swamp, Northeastern NSW2 Department of Environmental Science and Management Lismore Southern Cross Universityy Tuckean Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, pollen, palynology, acid sulphate, radiocarbon dating, AMS Honoursj?
Farago, L. 2001s Using diatoms as bioindicators of past and contemporary water quality conditions in Tuckean Swamp, northeastern NSW LismoreI School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross UniversityL Tuckean Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, acid sulphate+ Unpublished Third Year Undergraduate report .?
Knight, C. 2006) A Paleolimnological study of Lake Arragan LismoreI School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross UniversityZ Lake Arragan, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, eutrophication, 210Pb dating+ Unpublished Third Year Undergraduate report O?
Hart, B. 2005V Using diatoms to assess the past and present water quality of Salty Lagoon, Evans Head LismoreI School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross UniversityP Salty Lagoon, Evans Head, palaeolimnology, diatoms, eutrophication, 210Pb dating+ Unpublished Third Year Undergraduate report ED? Lane, C. 1999d The use of diatoms as biological indicators of water quality in two coastal dune lakes, northern NSW. School of Environmental Science and Management Lismore Southern Cross University[ New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, Lake Minnie Waters, radiocarbon dating, AMS Honours[?
Cassidy, H. 2001X The water quality history of Lake Hiawatha, northern NSW, using diatoms as bioindicators LismoreI School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross UniversityV Lake Hiawatha, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, radiocarbon dating, AMS+ Unpublished Third Year Undergraduate report Y?
Allan, T. 2006S Examining diatoms as biological indicators of water quality, within 2 coastal lakes LismoreI School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University[ New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, Lake Minnie Waters, radiocarbon dating, AMS+ Unpublished Third Year Undergraduate reportU?
Wills, N. 2001\ A Palaeolimnological analysis of Lake Cudgen, northern NSW: directions for future management LismoreI School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross UniversityO Lake Cudgen, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, radiocarbon dating+ Unpublished Third Year Undergraduate reporth D? Logan, B. 2003 Paleo-environmental reconstruction of a wetland in west Byron Bay, and the establishment of pre-European settlement environmental conditions. School of Environmental Science and Management Lismore Southern Cross UniversityU Byron Bay, New South Wales, NSW, palaeolimnology, phytoliths, radiocarbon dating, AMS Honoursu?
Treague, J. 2003s Geological context of peat deposition in Cumebin Swamp, NSW. A geological framework for carbon sequestration sudies LismoreI School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross UniversityV Cumebin Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, radiocarbon dating, AMS+ Unpublished Third Year Undergraduate reportu?
Kelly, A. 2006a Reconstructing a vegetation history of the coastal peat plains of Byron Bay using pollen analyses LismoreI School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross Universityj Cumebin Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, palaeolimnology, radiocarbon dating, AMS, pollen, palynology+ Unpublished Third Year Undergraduate reportF? Gell, P.
Little, F. submittedi Long Term Water Quality Changes in Murrumbidgee Floodplain Wetlands Revealed by Fossil Diatom Assemblages Australian Journal of Ecology Balranald Weir, Berri Jerri Lagoon, Bomen Lagoon, Coonancoocabil, Gooragool Lagoon, Homestead Lagoon, McKennas Lagoon, Yanco High Weir, New South Wales, NSW, pinus, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, diatoms ? Clark, R. L. 1990/ Ecological history for environmental management 1-162 Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 163 Burrinjuck Reservoir, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms O? Tibby, J.C. 2001b Diatoms as indicators of sedimentary processes in Burrinjuck reservoir, New South Wales, Australia 245-256 Quaternary International 83-85S Burrinjuck Reservoir, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, pinus A combination of high and low resolution diatom analysis conducted on a transect of five sediment cores from the downstream section of Burrinjuck Reservoir, southern New South Wales, Australia, has revealed that, despite complex sedimentation patterns, there are precise correlations between diatom stratigraphies. Spatially dependent variation in diatom sedimentation exists, particularly that resulting from density current deposition. However, sediments deposited in this manner are readily identified from the diatom records. The nature of diatom species assemblages and their variability aid in the identification of sediment provenance and the temporal resolution of individual samples respectively. The results of this study, which provide a complement to other research on the reservoir, should in particular allow for more accurate reconstructions of the history of nutrient concentrations in, and sediment yield to, the reservoir.
m http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-43X7KNP-M&_user=554534&_coverDate=09%2F11%2F2001&_rdoc=18&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236046%232001%23999149999%23263189%23FLA%23display%23Volumes)&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=21&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=c8b6622dbe47e7478f4e0d0c5619ccb0# doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00043-X h ? Tibby, J. 1998[ A diatom-based history of Burrinjuck Reservoir (southern New South Wales) and its catchment 52-63 First Australian Diatom Workshop Technical Paper 1998/1 P. Newall Warrnambool3 Deakin University School of Ecology and EnvironmentS Burrinjuck Reservoir, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, pinusmF? 0 Reid, M.
Sayer, C. D.
Kershaw, A. P.
Heijnis, H. in press Palaeolimnological evidence for submerged plant loss in a floodplain lake associated with accelerated catchment soil erosion (Murray River, Australia) Journal of Paleolimnology Hogans Billabong, Murray River, New South Wales, NSW, palaeolimnology, diatoms, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, AMS, radiocarbon dating, 210Pb datingq Shallow lakes have been described as existing in two alternative equilibrium states, dominated by either submerged plants or phytoplankton. Causes of, often catastrophic, shifts between these states have been widely debated but may often result from displacement of the dominant community by stochastic influence. In Australian cut-off river meanders (also known as ‘billabongs’), anecdotal and palaeolimnological evidence suggests widespread loss of aquatic macrophytes since European occupation of the region c. post-1800. Our detailed and high-resolution stratigraphic study of a sediment core from Hogan’s Billabong (Murray River, Australia) seeks to identify the causes of the loss of aquatic macrophytes. Little direct evidence of the past extent and composition of submerged macrophyte communities was recovered. Nevertheless, results derived from other sediment proxies, including declines in the abundance of epiphytic diatoms and in plant-associated invertebrates, provide further indirect evidence of macrophyte disappearance. Despite limitations with radiometric dating, the sequence of events in the derived record suggests that a period of high abiotic turbidity, leading to a critical reduction in water transparency and caused by widespread erosion during the late 19th century, is the most likely factor contributing to loss of submerged vegetation from this billabong. B http://www.springerlink.com/content/e066410726v01654/fulltext.html 10.1007/s10933-006-9067-9P ? 2 Reid, M.
Fluin, J.
Ogden, R.
Tibby, J.
Kershaw, P. 2002g Long-term perspectives on human impacts on floodplain-river ecosystems, Murray-Darling Basin, Australia 1-7Y Verhandlungen der internationalen Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie 28 Hogans Billabong, Lake Alexandrina, Billabong 38, Lake Cullulleraine, Murray River, New South Wales, NSW, palaeolimnology, diatoms, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, AMS, radiocarbon dating, 210Pb dating, Cs dating\ Can be ordered from http://www.schweizerbart.de/pubs/isbn/es/verhandlun-3510540611-desc.htmlL F? # Adamson, K.
Tibby, J.
Kershaw, A.P. in prep. Long term water quality and vegetation patterns at Junction Park Billabong, Murray River, Australia, with special emphasis on European impact Austral Ecologyk Junction Park, Murray River, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, AMS, radiocarbon dating, pinus, palaeolimnologyD F? Tibby, J.
Lane, M.
Gell, P.A. submittedx Local knowledge as a basis for environmental management: a cautionary tale from Lake Ainsworth, northern New South Wales Environmental Conservationr Lake Ainsworth, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, OSL dating, AMS, radiocarbon dating, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, pinus3? Tibby, J. 1996n A mid-to late-Holocene diatom and pollen palaeoecology of the Tuross Lake system, South Coast, New South Wales 1-62 Monash Publications in Geography 46r Lake Bumbo, Tuross Lake, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, radiocarbon dating, pinus, diatoms, pollen, palynology ? Tibby, J. 1998i A mid-Holocene to present palaeoecological study of the Tuross Lakes system, south coast, New South Wales 92-103 First Australian Diatom Workshop Technical Paper 1998/1 P. Newall Warrnambool3 Deakin University School of Ecology and Environmentr Lake Bumbo, Tuross Lake, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, radiocarbon dating, pinus, diatoms, pollen, palynology ? : Gell, P.
Bulpin, S.
Wallbrink, P.
Bickford, S.
Hancock, G. 2005~ Tareena Billabong – A palaeolimnological history of an everchanging wetland, Chowilla Floodplain, lower Murray-Darling Basin 441-456 Marine and Freshwater Research 56 Tareena Billabong, Murray River, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, pollen, palynology, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, radiocarbon dating, AMS, OSL dating, Ra/Th A 427-cm sediment core was extracted from Tareena Billabong, a Murray River floodplain wetland in the extreme south-west of New South Wales, Australia. Analysis of fossil diatoms and pollen, sediment 210Pb and 137Cs profiles and radiocarbon and luminescence dating reveal that Tareena Billabong has undergone substantial environmental change in its ~5000-year history. Shortly after its formation, the billabong was a freshwater lagoon with a diatom flora dominated by Synedra ulna and Planothidium lanceolatum. An increase in Aulacoseira granulata, a river plankton dominant today, reflects two phases of increased connectivity with the Murray River in the mid to late Holocene. A shift to lagoonal taxa after ~3000 years BP is attributed to water balance and river-flow changes, possibly associated with regional climate change. Importantly, it appears to have undergone an extended phase of increasing turbidity, and possibly wetland salinity, commencing ~3000 years BP. Sedimentation increased at least 15-fold in the European phase. Billabong salinity increased markedly soon after European settlement, reaching a peak in the late 1800s AD. While regulation then increased the degree of connection between the billabong with the River in the 1920s AD, salinity levels remained high. Increased salinity is revealed by increases in the diatom taxa Amphora spp., Cyclotella meneghiniana, Gyrosigma acuminatum, Planothidium delicatulum and Tryblionella hungarica and by declines in Casuarinaceae, Eucalyptus, Myriophyllum and Cyperaceae pollen. Tareena Billabong was subjected to considerable environmental pressures from the early stages of European settlement in terms of sediment load, hydrological change and salinity.
T http://www.publish.csiro.au/view/journals/dsp_journal_fulltext.cfm?nid=126&f=MF04107 doi:10.1071/MF04107 r N|? Tibby, J.
Haberle, S. G. 2007_ A late glacial to present diatom record from Lake Euramoo, wet tropics of Queensland, Australia 46-561 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251 1` Lake Euramoo, Queensland, Qld, Atherton Tablelands, pollen, diatoms, palynology, palaeolimnology A new diatom record from Lake Euramoo on the Atherton Tableland, north Queensland, Australia is used to assess regional climate change and variability and their links to forcing at a local to global scale. The major factor driving diatom composition in the approximately fifteen thousand-year record appears to be regional moisture availability. Patterns of diatom preservation and other indicators, particularly sediment organic content, suggest that permanent deep water formed at the site from ca. 15,000 cal. yr BP. However, between 13,800 and 11,500 cal. yr BP, there was a notable phase of lower lake levels and effective precipitation. The timing and duration of this phase does not correspond to large-scale climate phenomena such as the Antarctic Cold Reversal or the Younger Dryas and supports emerging evidence for a variable climate regime in the south-west Pacific during the late glacial transition.
The Early to Mid Holocene record is one of remarkable stability with 5000 years of sustained dominance by the planktonic diatom Aulacoseira ambigua. Conversely, the Mid to Late Holocene record is marked by distinct diatom variability superimposed on a series of sustained shifts in composition. Accentuated Late Holocene climate variability may aid in explaining intensified land use in indigenous populations and also suggests that Europeans may have arrived in the landscape at the time it was most vulnerable to perturbation.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-4N8M8FB-3&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F25%2F2007&_rdoc=6&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%232007%23997489998%23662476%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=12&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersio9? Taffs, K. H. 2001T Diatoms as indicators of wetland salinity in the Upper South East of South Australia 281-290 The Holocene 11 Bonney's Camp Lagoon, Jaffray Swamp, Reedy Lake, South Australia, SA, diatoms, palaeolimnology, AMS, radiocarbon dating, pinus, 210Pb dating Wetland degradation in the Upper South East of South Australia is an urgent management concern. Scant recent environmental data is available for the region and long-term monitoring data is lacking. Usually a palaeoecological analysis is able to reveal environmental change in the medium- to long-term past. However, the region is not conducive to palaeoecological investigation due to a fluctuating upper groundwater aquifer and alkaline soils which have destroyed most microfossils. It was found that the diatom assemblage was preserved in the wetlands of the region for the period of European settlement. Analysis of the diatom assemblage enabled production of an inferred salinity curve. In combination with a small amount of historical information that was available, the salinity trend for the wetlands, for the period of European agricultural activities, was identified. It was found that, while groundwater salinity has been increasing, the wetland areas have experienced a freshening of surface water. This is due to an increase of throughflow of surface water, a result of constructed drainage systems flushing salts from the wetlands. Despite the freshening of wetlands they continue to degrade due to the changed hydrology, an impact of the drainage structures.[ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=791265411&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=20870&RQT=309&VName=PQD DOI: 10.1191/095968301676871383 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=791265411&SrchMode=3&sid=4&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1183504297&clientId=20870&aid=1H F? ' Fluin, J.
Gell, P.
Haynes, D.
Tibby, J. submitted| Paleolimnological evidence for the independent evolution of neighbouring terminal lakes, the Murray Darling Basin, Australia
Hydrobiologiau Coorong, Lake Alexandrina, South Australia, SA, diatoms, palaeolimnology, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, radiocarbon dating? / Gell, P.
Wallbrink, P.
Tassicker, G.
Illman, M. 1999c Secrets in the sediments: a history of sediment and pollution loads in the Lower Torrens River, S.A 287-292e Second Australian Stream Management Conference: The Challenge of Rehabilitating Australia’s Streams Rutherfurd, I.
Bartley, R. Melbourne CRC Catchment Hydrology^ Gorge Weir, Torrens River, Torrens Weir, South Australia, SA, diatoms, 210Pb dating, Cs dating @ F? ( Tibby, J.
Gell, P.A.
Cox, A.
Hancock, G. in prepw Water quality change in Upper River Torrens water storages, South Australia: inter-basin transfer as a pollution source Freshwater Biologyn Gumeracha Weir, Kangaroo Creek Reservoir, Torrens River, South Australia, SA, diatoms, 210Pb dating, Cs datingVF? ( Tibby, J.
Gell, P.
Hancock, G.
Clark, M. submitted Core correlation and sediment chronology from Kangaroo Creek Reservoir, South Australia: implications for palaeolimnology and catchment management Journal of Paleolimnology` Kangaroo Creek Reservoir, South Australia, SA, diatoms, palaeolimnology, 210Pb dating, Cs dating ? Barnett, E. 1994J A Holocene paleoenvironmental history of Lake Alexandrina, South Australia 259-268 Journal of Paleolimnology 12 3a Lake Alexandrina, South Australia, SA, diatoms, palaeolimnology, 210Pb dating, radiocarbon datingp An investigation of Holocene sediments within Lake Alexandrina, a shallow coastal lake at the mouth of the Murray River, South Australia, is presented based on a multidisciplinary approach.14C and210Pb radiometric dating methods are used to establish a geochronological framework for the last 7000 yr BP, and diatoms, sand-siltclay ratios, organic carbon, phosphorus and copper concentrations are used to infer paleoenvironmental changes.
The diatom assemblages indicate a change from marine-brackish to oligosaline-freshwater conditions between 7000 and 6000 yr BP, with sea-level stabilisation and continuous barrier formation across the Murray mouth. Sand pulses after 2300 yr BP document sand spit formation in the lake and the commencement of extensive lacustrine sedimentation.
In the past 100 years which include the advent of European settlement in the region, the short-term210Pb-based mass accumulation rate of 0.063 g cm–2 yr–1 is greater than that of the longer-term mean14C-based rate (0.023 g cm–2 yr–1), and high concentrations of phosphorus and copper correspond to historical records of blue-green algal blooms.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/mn69402056726l66/?p=a0fbfb8b99b84f4884b84d4bc4a6e6d7&pi=5 DOI 10.1007/BF00678024 F? 4 Haynes, D.
Gell, P.
Tibby, J.
Hancock, G.
Goonan, P. submitted^ Against the tide: the freshening of naturally saline coastal lakes, south east South Australia
Hydrobiologia] Lake Bonney, Lake Frome, Mullins Swamp, South Australia, SA, diatoms, 210Pb dating, Cs dating NF? 5 Gell, P.
Baldwin, D.
Little, F.
Tibby, J.
Hancock, G. submitted` The impact of regulation and salinisation on floodplain lakes: the lower River Murray, Australia
Hydrobiologia Loch Luna, Loveday Swamp, Murray River, South Australia, SA, diatoms, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, pinus, OSL dating, AMS, radiocarbon dating c? 6 Edwards, S.
McKirdy, D.
Bone, Y.
Gell, P.
Gostin, V.A. 2006 Diatoms and ostracods as mid-Holocene paleoenvironmental indicators, North Stromatolite Lake, Coorong National Park, South Australia 651-663$ Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 53 4 North Stromatolite Lake, Coorong, South Australia, SA, diatoms, ostracods, radiocarbon dating, Stable carbon isotope analysis, stable isotopesQ The Holocene carbonate sequence of perennial North Stromatolite Lake, located adjacent to the Coorong Lagoon near Salt Creek, South Australia, includes a prominent sapropelic unit (7 - 12% total organic carbon), in places more than 2 m thick, that was sampled for the purpose of radiocarbon dating and documenting its diatom and ostracod biostratigraphy. The recovered ostracods were also subjected to carbon and oxygen isotopic analysis. The bulk organic matter at the base of the sapropel yielded an uncalibrated 14C age of 6080 ± 60 y BP. Diatoms, where preserved, are almost exclusively benthic. Stratigraphic variation of the proportions of key indicator species in diatom assemblages records a marked oscillation between oligosaline and eusaline conditions in the hypolimnion during deposition of the sapropel. Ostracod carbon isotope data indicate that the lake at this time was eutrophic, thereby enriching the dissolved inorganic carbon of the hypolimnion in 13C. However, the observed secular variation in 13C implies a mid-sapropel drop in productivity, caused by a freshening of the lake. Ostracod 18O values display an overall increase through the sapropel consistent with the rising salinity of the hypolimnion. The existence of a flourishing benthic ostracod community, together with the valve ornamentation of Osticythere baragwanathi, indicates that the bottom waters were well oxygenated. Thus, anoxia was not a prerequisite for sapropel accumulation. The biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the sapropel concur in suggesting a lack of climatic uniformity during its deposition, a period of 1200 years. This study therefore highlights the potential of diatoms and ostracods in shallow perennial alkaline lakes along the Coorong coastal plain as proxies for short-term (102 - 103 years) Holocene palaeoenvironmental change in southeastern Australia. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a748040310~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/08120090600686801 ? A Cameron, N. G.
Tyler, P.A.
Rose, N.L.
Hutchinson, S.
Appleby, P.G 1993P The recent palaeolimnology of Lake Nicholls, Mount Field National Park, Tasmania 361-370
Hydrobiologia 269-270D Lake Nicholls, Tasmania, TAS, diatoms, palaeolimnology, 210Pb dating$ Analyses were carried out for diatoms, spherical carbonaceous particles, and magnetic minerals on a short sediment core from a small cirque lake, Lake Nicholls, in the Mount Field National Park, south-west Tasmania.
Catchment disturbance is not evident from the fairly constant sediment accumulation rates and magnetic analyses of the sediment record. However, there is evidence for a low level of atmospheric contamination during the industrial period, which reaches a maximum at the present time, but is less than in many areas of north-west Europe. Changes in the diatom assemblages recorded in the sediment core are likely to be related to factors, other than catchment change or atmospheric contamination, such as the response of within lake processes to climate change.
Several diatom taxa found in the cores cannot presently be assigned to known species. Although some of these may later be identified following this preliminary study, it seems highly likely that freshwater lakes in south-west Tasmania contain a number of new and perhaps endemic taxa.^ http://www.springerlink.com/content/m203684601lx85g8/?p=6daa1e07f7034eb4ac654637bafd7d99&pi=39 DOI 10.1007/BF00028035 ? ! McMinn, A
Augustinus, P
Barton, C 2003P Diatom analysis of late Holocene sediment cores from Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania 135-153
Alcheringa 27) Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Tas, diatoms ? Saunders, K.M. 2005s Assessing human impacts on southeast Australian coastal lagoons: application of a diatom-nutrient transfer function Hobart University of Tasmania5 Orielton Lagoon, Tasmania, TAS, diatoms, 210Pb dating Honours ? Ralph, T.J. in prepP Channel breakdown and floodplain wetland morphodynamics in the Macquarie Marshes Sydney Macquarie UniversityQ Macquarie Marshes, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, grain size, LOI PhD ? $ Rogers, K.
Saintilan, N.
Heijnis, H. 2005| Mangrove Encroachment of Salt Marsh in Western Port Bay, Victoria: the Role of Sedimentation, Subsidence, and Sea Level Rise 551-559 Estuaries 28 4- Western Port Bay, Victoria, VIC, 210Pb dating~ Surface elevation tables, feldspar marker horizons, and 210Pb analysis of core profiles were implemented at four sites in Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia, to provide information on the role of sedimentation, subsidence or compaction, and enhanced sea-level rise in contributing to salt marsh decline. Photogrammetric surveys indicate that the rate of salt marsh decline that is attributable to mangrove encroachment is lower in Western Port Bay than in comparable sites in New South Wales. Differences in the rate of mangrove encroachment at Western Port Bay may be attributed to the inverse relationship found between the degree of mangrove encroachment and surface elevation increase. While sedimentation contributes to surface elevation changes, surface elevation is not solely explained by sedimentation; factors including autocompaction and changes in the water table also play a significant role in Western Port Bay. Historic sedimentation rates measured using 210Pb dating techniques corresponded to contemporary sedimentation rates determined from feldspar marker horizons. Core sediment profiles show no change in sedimentation rates at three sites. A fourth site (French Island) was the only site that exhibited high rates of sedimentation, which appears to be related to local land-use changes in the area. All sites maintained their elevation with respect to sea level over the study period. Historic sedimentation exceeded sea-level rise for the past 32 yr, but it is difficult to determine the extent to which belowground processes affect surface elevation, causing deviations between surface elevation and sedimentation over longer periods. W http://estuaries.olemiss.edu/cgi-bin/est/printabstract_public.cgi?ESTU2005_28_4_551_559
X ? @ Leahy, P. J.
Tibby, J.
Kershaw, A. P.
Heijnis, H.
Kershaw, J. S. 2005i The impact of European settlement on Bolin Billabong, a Yarra River floodplain lake, Melbourne, Australia 131-149 River Research and Applications 21 2-3 Bolin Billabong, Yarra River, Victoria, VIC, diatoms, AMS, radiocarbon dating, 210Pb dating, pollen, palynology, palaeolimnology, eutrophication, sediment modelling9 Bolin Billabong is a shallow, eutrophic and turbid oxbow lake located on the lower Yarra River floodplain, in suburban Melbourne (Victoria, Australia). A combination of radiometric dating, historical data, fossil markers and mineral magnetics has been used to develop a sediment chronology for the billabong that extends from about AD 1120 to the present. Fossil pollen and diatoms have been used to provide a high-resolution record of vegetation and aquatic ecosystem change through this period, with the aim of developing a better understanding of human disturbance in floodplain lakes. Specifically we aim to investigate the development and trajectory of eutrophic and turbid conditions that exist in the lake at present.
The pre-European contact diatom assemblage at Bolin Billabong is dominated by a planktonic taxon, Cyclotella stelligera, and had very low diversity, with little evidence of species turnover. This suggests that the billabong had low nutrient concentrations and contrasts with the generally accepted notion of billabongs as naturally diverse, productive and variable systems.
The initial period of European occupation was characterized by catchment disturbance with high levels of erosion and sedimentation. Sedimentation rates in the post-European contact period appear to be 30 times higher than prior to European settlement. Evidence suggests that the Yarra River was not naturally turbid. Changes to the diatom assemblage, reflective of water quality perturbation following European contact, were dramatic and unprecedented. Following an initially high sedimentation rate in the post-European contact period, the sedimentation rate gradually slowed towards the present day. The increase in nutrients available to the diatom assemblage appears to have been moderate from European contact (c. AD 1840) to until around AD 1920, then more pronounced from this point onwards. Recent changes in the diatom assemblage at Bolin Billabong appear moderate compared with other regulated river floodplain sites studied in southeastern Australia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. F http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/110429139/ABSTRACT1 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1002/rra.837x ? Reid, M. 2002m A diatom-based palaeoecological study of two billabongs on the Goulburn River floodplain, southeast Australia 237-2536 Proceedings of the 15th International Diatom Symposium J. John Perth$ Königstein, Koeltz Scientific Books: Callamondah Swamp, Goulbourn River, Victoria, VIC, diatoms- Conference held 28 September - 2 October 1998? 5 Tibby, J.
Reid, M.
Fluin, J.
Hart, B.T.
Kershaw, A.P. 2003k Assessing long-term pH change in an Australian river catchment using monitoring and palaeolimnological data 3250-3255$ Environmental Science and Technology 37 15: Callamondah Swamp, Goulbourn River, Victoria, VIC, diatoms Reviews of stream monitoring data suggest that there has been significant acidification (>1.0 pH unit at some sites) of Victorian streamwaters over the past 3 decades. To assess whether these declines are within the range of natural variability, we developed a diatom model for inferring past pH and applied it to a ca. 3500-yr diatom record from a flood plain lake, Callemondah 1 Billabong, on the Goulburn River, which has among the most substantial observed pH declines. The model has a jackkniffed r 2 between diatom inferred and measured pH of 0.77 and a root mean square error of prediction of 0.35 pH units. In the pre-European period, pH was stable (range 6.5-6.7) for approximately 3000 yr. Since European settlement around 160 yr ago, diatom-inferred billabong pH has increased significantly by >0.5 units. We hypothesize that this increase in pH is related to processes associated with land clearance (e.g., increased base cation load and decreased organic acid load). There is no evidence of the recent monitored declines in the Callemondah record, which may indicate that that flood plain lakes and the main stream are experiencing divergent pH trends or that the temporal resolution in the billabong sediment record is insufficient to register recent declines.
N http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/esthag/2003/37/i15/html/es0263644.html, doi 10.1021/es0263644 S0013-936X(02)06364-2 .?
Gell, P.A. 1998v Quantitative reconstructions of the Holocene palaeosalinity of paired crater lakes based on a diatom transfer function 1-14# Palaeoclimates - Data and Modelling 4b East Basin, West Basin, Victoria, VIC, diatoms, radiocarbon dating, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, pinus g? ( Churchill, D.M.
Galloway, R.W.
Singh, G. 1978* Closed lakes and the palaeoclimatic record 97-108A Climate Change and Variability: a Southern Hemisphere PerspectiveC A. B. Pittock
L. A. Frakes
D. Jenssen
J. A. Peterson
J. W. Zillman Cambridge Cambridge University Press4 Lake Gnotuk, Lake Keilambete, Victoria, VIC, diatoms 455p. ? 6 MacGregor, A.J.
Gell, P.A.
Wallbrink, P.J.
Hancock, G. 2005z Natural and post-disturbance variability in water quality of the lower Snowy River floodplain, Eastern Victoria, Australia 201-213 River Research and Applications 21~ Lake Curlip, Gippsland, Snowy River, Victoria, VIC, diatoms, palaeolimnology, AMS, radiocarbon dating, 210Pb dating, Cs dating Millennial to decadal resolution palaeoenvironmental records from the terminal floodplain lakes of the lower Snowy River in eastern Victoria have been obtained to determine the water quality history of the lower Snowy River floodplain and more specifically, the ecological impact of the inter-basin diversion of water from one of Australia's hallmark river systems. Lake Curlip, as evidenced through variations in the fossil-diatom flora, has evolved through the Holocene from a saline (17-22 g salt/l) open system (c. 7000 years BP) as sea levels reached their maxima, to a brackish (5-10 g/l), and then a fresh (as low as 0.4 g/l), possibly acidic system prior to European settlement (c. 300 years BP). The upper post-European sediments reveal a complex, highly variable, anthropogenically induced shift to a brackish and nutrient-tolerant diatom flora, with recent diatom-inferred salinities in the order of 20 g/l. Explained as a combination of land clearance, drainage practices, and more recently, the regulation of the Snowy River, recent changes are as pronounced as any experienced through the Holocene, but have occurred at a rate faster than any brought on by past climatic or geomorphic change. By quantifying the limnological changes before and after regulation this study informs on the relative benefits that may accrue from allocating environmental flows to the Snowy River. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.F http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/110429135/ABSTRACT1 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1002/rra.841 ? ; Tibby, J.
Kershaw, A. P.
Builth, H.
Philibert, A.
White, C. 2006 Environmental Change and Variability in Southwestern Victoria: Changing Constraints and Opportunities for Occupation and Land Use 254-2699 The Social Archaeology of Australian Indigenous Societies B. David
B. Barker
I. J. McNiven Canberra Aboriginal Studies Press Lake Surprise, Mt Eccles, western plains, southwestern Victoria, Victoria, VIC, diatoms, OSL dating, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, pinus ? Reid, M. 1998c A fine resolution palaeoecology of recent sediments from Lake Wellington, Gippsland Lakes, Victoria 86-913 Proceedings of the First Australian Diatom Workshop Technical Paper 1998/1 P. Newall Warrnambool3 Deakin University School of Ecology and EnvironmentO Lake Wellington, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, coastal, diatoms, radiocarbon dating" Conference held 1-3 February, 1997 ? E Barry, M.J.
Tibby, J.
Tsitsilas, A.
Mason, B.
Kershaw, P.
Heijnis, H. 2005L A long term lake salinity record and its relationship to Daphnia populations 1-23 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 163 17 Tower Hill, Victoria, VIC, 210Pb dating, pinus, diatoms Sediment cores from the shallow, presently saline, volcanic maar lake of Tower Hill were collected in March 2000, dated using 210Pb, and analysed for diatoms to infer changing salinity levels. Diatom inferred salinity was used to assess the hatching response of incorporated Daphnia ephippia. The early growth rate of Daphnia from different core depths, in media with two different salinities (0.5 g/L and 4 g/L) was also measured.
Sediments have steadily accumulated in the Tower Hill basin over the past 50 years since the lake was last reported to have dried. The diatom record indicates a fairly stable salinity regime, with salt concentrations fluctuating between 1 and 2 g/L until 1990, followed by an exponential increase in salt concentrations peaking in the year 2000 at around 13 g/L. There were significant fluctuations in ephippia densities, with at least two large peaks and several periods of low ephippial accumulation. Ephippial densities were only weakly correlated with salinity changes. Maximum hatching of ephippia, all of the one species, Daphnia thomsoni, occurred in the top 7 cm of the cores, corresponding to the past 10 years. The oldest eggs to hatch were from sediments dated around 37 years old. The body length after six days growth of 19 clones, from 3 core sections (0–2cm; 2–4cm; >4cm) was measured under conditions of low salinity (0.5 g/L) and high salinity (4 g/L). Surprisingly, all but one clone reached a larger size at high salinity. However, clones from the top 2cm, which were produced during the lake's recent period of high salinity showed the strongest growth response at 4 g/L. Analysis of allozymes at three polymorphic loci did not find any evidence of genetic differentiation based on allelic frequencies.
In order to assess possible reasons for differences in hatching patterns observed in cores taken in 2000, two additional cores were collected in September 2002. One showed a similar hatching pattern to the 2000 cores, and the other exhibited a more even pattern of hatching over its length. Q http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/afh/2005/00000163/00000001/art00001% DOI: 10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0163-0001
_ ? n P. Gell
J. Tibby
J. Fluin
P. Leahy
M. Reid
K. Adamson
S. Bulpin
A. MacGregor
P. Wallbrink
G. Hancock
B. Walsh 2005c Accessing limnological change and variability using fossil diatom assemblages, south-east Australia 257 - 269 River Research and Applications 21 2-3 Willsmere Billabong, Lake Alexandrina, Muroondi Wetland, Loch Luna, Tareena Billabong, Lake Cullulleraine, Hopcrofts Billabong, Junction Park, Lake Wat Wat, Billabong 38, Hogans Billabong, Callamondah Swamp, Bolin Billabong, Willsmere Billabong, Henley Billabong, Lake Corringle, Lake Curlip, Gippsland, Murray River, South Australia, SA, Victoria, VIC, diatoms, palaeolimnology, AMS, radiocarbon dating, 210Pb dating, palaeolimnology9 Floodplain wetlands accumulate river-borne sediments that include mixed assemblages of allochthonous and autochthonous diatoms as fossils. These assemblages have been used in river floodplain wetlands and reservoirs to quantitatively reconstruct salinity, pH and nutrients and to qualitatively infer connectivity and turbidity over periods spanning decades to millennia. High sedimentation rates in some sites have permitted sub-annual temporal resolution; however, annual to decadal resolution is more usual. The establishment of chronologies for these sequences is often difficult owing to the substantial input of fluvially borne210Pb, the high spatial variability in the earliest detection of exotic pollen markers and the inaccuracy of radiocarbon approaches in dating sediments younger than 500 years. Other complexities arise from the difficulty of differentiating the influence of co-variables in accord with the river continuum concept and identifying shifts driven by hydroseral influences independent of changes to the fluvial system. Caution is also needed in inferring lotic change from a record accumulating in lentic systems.
Nevertheless, substantial increases in salinity (lower Snowy, lower and middle Murray), pH (mid-Goulburn), turbidity (upper and lower Murray and Yarra), nutrients (lower Murray and Yarra), and sedimentation rate (widespread), as well as clear shifts in trophic structure (upper Murray), have been documented for the post-European period from regulated river wetlands across southeast Australia. A site in the lower Murray records river connectivity and water quality changes consistent with the regional Holocene climate record. Reductions in effective precipitation documented in closed lake systems are not evident in riverine plain wetlands, possibly owing to their relative complexity. The refinement of chronologies and data-bases will allow the determination of the pre-impact ?
Kershaw, A.P. 1975X Stratigraphy and pollen analysis of Bromfield Swamp, North Eastern Queensland, Australia 173-191 New Phytologist 75 1] Bromfield Swamp, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating4 The sequence of vegetation changes evidenced in the Bromfield Swamp pollen diagram is similar to those derived from previous studies at Lake Euramoo and Quincan Crater. It is established that the initial presence of sclerophyll vegetation around the sites was a regional feature of the Atherton Tableland, determined by low precipitation. Throughout the succeeding rain forest phase, precipitation was higher at Bromfield Swamp than at the other sites suggesting that the rainfall gradient across the Tableland has remained constant. The contrast between the relatively simple stratigraphic sequence of deposits in the swamp and the present complex mosaic of vegetation types and depositional environments implies that there has been a great deal of recent interference with the swamp and the surrounding crater slopes.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1975.tb01385.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1975.tb01385.x /? Kershaw,A.P 1979_ Local pollen deposition in aquatic sediments on the Atherton Tableland, North-Eastern Australia 253-263 Australian Journal of Ecology 4{ Bromfield Swamp, Lake Euramoo, Quincan Crater, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Modern pollen representation of aquatic vegetation communities at three sites on the Atherton Tableland is examined. Indicator pollen taxa are identified and are used to interpret the aquatic pollen components of two pollen diagrams from one of the sites. It is believed that detailed estimates of changes in lake water level have been derived from the identified fossil plant communities.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1979.tb01217.x' doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1979.tb01217.x ? ( Shulmeister, J. (1992) . 2, 2: 107-116. 19928 A Holocene pollen record from lowland tropical Australia 107-116 The Holocene 2 2c Four Mile Billabong, Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, NT, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating D? Goodfield,M.L. 1983\ A Holocene pollen analytical study of Lake Eacham, Atherton Tableland, north-east Queensland Department of Geography Melbourne Monash UniversityE Lake Eacham, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology HonoursD? Grindrod, J. 1979e Frozen sediments from a tropical lake: a palaeoecological study of Lake Eacham, north-east Queensland Department of Geography Melbourne Monash UniversityE Lake Eacham, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology Honours ?
Walker, D. 2000X Pollen input to, and incorporation in, two crater lakes in tropical northeast Australia. 253-283% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 111 3-4S Lake Eacham, Lake Barrine, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology Pollen input to the water surfaces of maar crater lakes Barrine and Eacham (1 km2 and 0.5 km2 respectively, ca. 720 m a.s.l.), surrounded by rainforest in northeastern Australia, were measured in floating Tauber traps for a variety of periods spanning the years 1978 to 1985. The mean weekly total pollen catch is 75% of that estimated for the surrounding region of varied vegetation. Regardless of their sources, the influxes of pollen taxa are unevenly distributed over the lakes' surfaces. There is similar variation through time, with some indication that this might be smoothed over periods of 5 years or more. There are no inflow streams and pollen input down surrounding slopes is negligible. Mean total pollen influx to seston traps close to the lakes' bottoms (1979 to 1988) is <5% of that to the Tauber traps, a discrepancy attributed to trap design. In contrast, mean annual influx measured by the Tauber traps is similar to that estimated from dated sediment samples younger than 1966 AD at Lake Barrine. The proportions of different pollen taxa are less affected by trap position or period of exposure than are their influxes; their mean percentages for Tauber traps, seston traps and sediment samples are all rather similar.
The similarity between the mean contribution of exclusively rainforest pollen to the lakes' surfaces (56%) and to Oldfield traps in rainforest interiors (51%) emphasizes the importance of the rainforests, which clothe the crater walls, as sources of pollen to the lakes. The impact of pollen from other vegetation in the region, although present, is much smaller than at interfaces between rainforest and other vegetation types. All this pollen is mixed within and above the crater and delivered to the lakes' surfaces by gravity and frequent rainfall. Limnological processes redistribute it in the water body before it is incorporated into the deep-lake sediments.
The value and limitations of current pollen transport and accumulation theory are noted in relation to sites with morphologies similar to these two crater lakes and to the irregular flowering and floristic inhomogeneity of tropical rainforest. The potential for the use of modern pollen input data in the interpretation of pollen analyses from the sediments of such sites is explored.
j http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-41KPD4N-5&_user=554534&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2000&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%232000%23998889996%23217054%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=9&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=adca8b110cd94ccdc225f0b5138766a2" doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00028-2 ? A P Kershaw 1974> A long continuous pollen sequence from north-eastern Australia 222-223 Nature 251j palynology, pollen, radiocarbon dating, Lynch's Crater, Queensland, Atherton Tablelands, QLD, Lake Euramoo September 20 FEW pollen diagrams from Australian Quaternary deposits have been published and none of these extends beyond 10,000 BP. In north-eastern Australia, Lake Euramoo1 provides a pollen record from 9,700 BP to 1,500 BP and Quincan Crater2 gives evidence of vegetation changes from 7,250 BP to the present day. Here I outline results from a third site on the Atherton Tableland, Lynch's Crater, which provides a much longer vegetation record.
A http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v251/n5472/abs/251222a0.html doi:10.1038/251222a0O? ' Bell,C.J.E.
Finlayson,B.L.
Kershaw,A.P. 1989] Pollen analysis and dynamics of a peat deposit in Carnarvon National Park, central Queensland 449-456 Australian Journal of Ecology 14V Louisa Creek, Carnarvon Range, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating A peat deposit within the valley of Louisa Creek in the central highlands of Queensland formed because the valley is incised below the water table in the Precipice Sandstone, an important Jurassic aquifer in the Great Artesian Basin. Peat growth appears to have been rapid, reaching a maximum depth of some 4 m in 1000 years. The pollen record preserved in the peat indicates that the vegetation communities have not altered over this period except for recent modifications perhaps attributable to increased salinity and the influence of cattle grazing. Both the Louisa Creek peat and the floodplain sediments on the Nogoa River downstream testify to a dynamic geomorphic environment. The geomorphic setting and the location of this site on the dry-subhumid/semi-arid boundary in Queensland, suggest that minor climatic shifts have had a substantial environmental impact leading to alternating conditions of scour and fill of valley sediments.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01454.x' doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01454.x ? Kershaw,A.P. 1978H Record of last interglacial - glacial cycle from northeastern Queensland 159-161 Nature 272l Lynch's Crater, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Atherton Tablelands, radiocarbon dating4 DETAILED analyses of deep-sea sediment cores have produced spectacular advances in the knowledge of Quaternary stratigraphy and palaeoclimates. These have allowed the rigorous testing of hypotheses put forward to explain climatic fluctuations1 and the construction of global atmospheric circulation models for dated periods in the past2. Unfortunately, these studies do not provide evidence of the important climatic variable, precipitation, changes in which could be critical to the understanding of glacial advance and retreat and to atmospheric circulation patterns generally. Only sequences from terrestrial sediments can provide the necessary information on precipitation. Here again the majority of dry land sequences are of limited value (with certain exceptions3,4) because they predominantly reflect temperature fluctuations or, where changes in effective precipitation are evident, sequences tend to be short or discontinuous. Here I outline and assess the significance of this sequence from tropical Australia which provides a long continuous precipitation record.
A http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v272/n5649/abs/272159a0.html doi:10.1038/272159a0 J? Litchfield,W.H. 1975 Palynological studies in Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla F.Muell) communities: Pollen analysis in Gilgai soil under the primary forest 355-371 Australian Journal of Botany 23 2. Meandarra, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology A pollen analysis of acid clays under brigalow is presented. The pollen fluxes in a first pair of soil profiles throw light upon the natural history of one locality as regards both its modern vegetation and the physical stability of gilgai. Fluxes in the relative pollen preservation indicate intensity of biological attack on the exine. In a profile representative of the higher level, preservation is good enough, erosion or fill on a micro-scale so slight, and any vertical down-wash so slow as to show up residual flux variations from successional change. But under this natural canopy, even though there is only a very slow wash of litter and soil down to the bottom of the depression, a faster tempo of decay than any in the higher ground, and physical incorporation down deeper cracks, maintain a balance that prevents accumulation on an almost bare surface. This shows up in deeper penetration of pollen grains, in even the residual pollen types being severely eroded, and in irregular fluxes in which the successional trace is lost. Presumably, old Myrtaceae types have washed out of the soil above. The pollen fluxes indicate a natural replacement of eucalypt forest by brigalow some time before clearing. The expanding fluxes at the immediate surface are taxa from outside the forest, particularly the Chenopodiaceae, that would have become more abundant after clearing. Insight into soil stability comes from the marked contrast in the distribution and the preservation of the pollen grains across the microrelief. The higher level is physically more stable than the bottom of the adjacent depression. Depressions are surprisingly dry in natural forest, but these pollen fluxes suggest that they are occas- ionally the wettest microenvironment.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9750355.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9750355 ? Grindrod,J. 1985e The palynology of mangroves on a prograded shore, Princess Charlotte Bay, North Queensland, Australia 323-348 Journal of Biogeography 12 4O Princess Charlotte Bay, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Palynological investigations at Princess Charlotte Bay in north-eastern Australia were aimed at the reconstruction of mangrove vegetation histories on a prograded chenier plain. Fossil sediment samples were collected from two short core sequences. Extensive investigation of modern pollen production and dispersal, through pollen trap and surface sample analyses, provides a basis for interpretation of the microfossil record. The results permit the development of a model for pollen transfer across the chenier plain, and indicate that major mangrove and salt marsh taxa display highly localized pollen dispersal, despite the potential for tidal redistribution. The fossil pollen sequences provide convincing records of mangrove and salt marsh successions which relate to coastal landform development. Major difference between vegetation successions interpreted from core analyses are attributed to specific geomorphic events in the evolution of the chenier plain. It is concluded that mangrove palynological investigations may be highly effective in the study of vegetation-geomorphic process interaction, and in the study of local vegetation and sea level histories.g Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28198507%2912%3A4%3C323%3ATPOMOA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B F? 6 Crowley,G. M.
Anderson,P.
Kershaw,A. P.
Grindrod,J. F. 1990j Palynology of a Holocene marine transgressive sequence, lower Mulgrave River valley, north-east Queensland Australian Journal of Ecology 15 231-240k Mulgrave River, Deeral Landing, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating A sediment core from the lower Mulgrave River flood plain in north-east Queensland was examined using standard pollen analysis techniques to investigate vegetation and sea level changes during and since the Holocene marine transgression. Saltwater penetrated the Mulgrave River to the core site in the early Holocene, with the consequent development of riverside mangrove forests dominated by Sonneratia lanceolata, a community not previously recorded in Australian pollen sequences. From about 7000 to 6000 years ago, Rhizophora forest was the dominant vegetation community around the site. During this period, vertical sedimentation kept pace with, or at times exceeded, the rate of sea level rise. As sea level stabilized, about 6000 years ago, continued sediment accumulation led to the development of upper-intertidal Ceriops/Bruguiera forest and then freshwater swamp forest. The vegetation changes in this latter part of the sequence reflect the present seaward to landward vegetation zonation in the area.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1990.tb01532.x' doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1990.tb01532.x )D? Anderson,P. 1986v A palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic history from lowland swamp environments: Mulgrave River, north-east Queensland Department of Geography Melbourne Monash UniversityG Mulgrave River, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Honours ? Grindrod,J. 1988_ The palynology of Holocene mangrove and saltmarsh sediments, particularly in Northern Australia 229-245% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 55~ Princess Charlotte Bay, South Alligator River, Northern Territory, NT, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating
Mangrove communities of the tropics are floristically distinctive, display neat segregation of species, and command a precise ecological niche which confines them almost exclusively to intertidal environments. Saltmarshes often form a further discrete vegetation zone near to the upper tidal limit, landward of mangroves. Both these vegetation types contain prolific pollen producers, and are tempting subjects for palynological study for the clear successional processses they display in relation to geomorphological and sea level changes.
Although pollen grains may be well preserved in sediments along muddy shores, limitations to detailed vegetational reconstructions through pollen analysis are imposed by the vagaries of sedimentation within intertidal environments. Mangrove facies are subject to mixing through bioturbation and tidal redistribution, while under extreme conditions saltmarsh facies suffer floodwater scouring and deflation.
Despite these problems, a few early palynological works have indicated that useful information can be gleaned from the analysis of intertidal environments. Recent studies in Australia provide relatively detailed vegetational, geomorphological and sea level histories for a variety of coast types inhabited by mangrove and saltmarsh plants. m http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-48C767R-9B&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F15%2F1988&_rdoc=14&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%231988%23999449998%23418113%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=15&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=912c77cf036e7f2ae5137e3c78ff9b0f" doi:10.1016/0034-6667(88)90088-7 ? Kershaw,A.P. 1971F A pollen diagram from Quincan Crater, North-East Queensland, Australia 669-681 New Phytologist 70j Quincan Crater, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, QLD, Lake Euramoo, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating! Pollen analytical results from the organic sediments of Quincan Crater broadly confirm the sequence of vegetation changes indicated in a previous study at Lake Euramoo. Only the later stage of the transition from sclerophyll vegetation to 'warm temperate' rain forest, culminating about 6000 B.P., is represented at Quincan, but indicates that the change was most probably due to an increase in effective precipitation. Afterwards rain forest remained the principal vegetation type for 3000 or 4000 years but changed from the initial 'warm temperate' to a 'subtropical' kind probably as a result of an increase in temperature and possibly also of precipitation. At about 2000 B.P. the 'subtropical' rain forest assumed a 'drier' facies and there was a partial readvance of the sclerophyll vegetation.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1971.tb02567.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1971.tb02567.x CD? Grindrod,J. 1988] Holocene mangrove history of the South Alligator River estuary, Northern Territory, Australia3 Department of Biogeography and Geomorphology, RSPAS Canberra Australian National UniversityV South Alligator River, Northern Territory, NT, pollen, palynology, radiocarbonn dating PhD ? Kershaw,A.P.
Sluiter,I.R. 1982Q Late Cenozoic pollen spectra from the Atherton Tableland, north-eastern Australia 279-295 Australian Journal of Botany 30N West Butcher's Creek, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology= Pollen analysis of samples from a short sediment sequence on the Atherton Tableland, of Late Tertiary or Early Pleistocene age, provides the first evidence of existing vegetation within the region prior to about 100,000 years B.P. Comparison of fossil samples with modern pollen spectra suggests the presence of a submontane rainforest existing under a temperature regime some 3°C cooler than present. A number of ancient taxa including Nothofagus and several conifers, present in the fossil samples, no longer exists within the region. An attempt is made to explain their decline within an area that harbours a great diversity of rainforest species including many primitive angiosperms. Unfavourable climatic conditions combined with aspects of the dispersal ecology of the taxa would have been important contributing factors. 6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9820279.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9820279 ? Dodson, J.R. 1982^ Modern pollen rain and recent vegetation history on Lord Howe Island: Evidence of human impact 1-21$ Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 38 1_ Airport Swamp, Old Settlement Swamp, Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynologyZ The pollen representation of major plant taxa and the characteristic pollen assemblages of most of the major vegetation types on Lord Howe Island were studied by pollen analysis of eighteen surface samples. It was found that five main vegetation groups could be identified from the pollen assemblages. These were: (1) a coastal herb, shrub and mangrove group; (2) the Drypetes australasica—Crytocaria triplinervis and Howea spp. palm forest; (3) the Cleistocalyx fullageri—Linociera quadristaminea rainforest; (4) the Pandanus forsteri palm forest; and (5) the montane gnarled mossy forest and Hedyscepe canterburyana palm forest. These groups overlap considerably in species composition, and this overlap probably restricts their subdivision further. These results were used to interpret three short pollen diagrams from Airport Swamp and Old Settlement Beach Swamp. It was found that Airport Swamp and the western edge of Old Settlement Beach Swamp were largely man-made sites, with the latter coming into being as a result of a landslip. The eastern part of Old Settlement Beach Swamp shows a natural change from Cryptocaria rainforest to Howea spp.—Pandanus forsteri forest, probably as a result of changed drainage conditions. This latter vegetation was then cleared to pasture. Some of the implications of these changes to the flora and fauna are discussed. k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-4894MX8-3M&_user=554534&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F1982&_rdoc=2&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%231982%23999619998%23414247%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=8&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=cc13c4cd568e0656e22f633e87e3716e# doi:10.1016/0034-6667(82)90047-1 KD? Coddington, J. 1983g Landscape evolution and its effect on Aboriginal occupation at Tilba Tilba, south coast New South Wales& Department of Geography and Prehistory Canberra Australian National UniversityZ Bobundara Swamp, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Honours qD? ! Hope,G.S.
Coddington,J.
O'Dea, D. in pressf Estuarine development and human occupation at Bobundara Swamp, Tilba Tilba, New South Wales, AustraliaJ Wetlands Archaeology and Environments: Regional Issues, Global Perspective
Lillie, M. London RoutledgeZ Bobundara Swamp, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating D?
Martin,A.R.H. 1986i Palaeoecology, Palaeolimnology, Palynology and Coastal Environment - areas of neglect in coastal studies?A Recent Sediments in eastern Australia; Marine through Terrestrial& Frankel, E
Keene, J. B
Waltho, A. E Sydney Geological Society of AustraliaU Bombah Bog, Myall Lakes, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?
AQUA 1991 Booklet for 1991 Field Meeting
Mallacoota" Australian Quaternary AsscociationN Boulder Flat, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, palynology, pollen, radiocarbon dating Program and Field notes 7-10 February 1991 #? Hope,G.S. 1974\ The Vegetation History from 6,000 B.P. to Present of Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, Australia 1035-1053 New Phytologist 73c Darby Beach, Tidal River, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Pollen analysis of three sites on Wilsons Promontory provides a vegetation record from 6000 b.p. to the present day. No extensive changes in the vegetation have been found over this time period, but local and regional variations in the extent of communities may imply small climatic changes. Moister conditions than at present seem to have prevailed earlier than 4500 b.p., followed by a drier phase till less than 2000 b.p., when an increase in moisture gave conditions similar to those of today. Some evidence exists to support the theory of a relatively steady sea level close to the present level over the last 6000 years along the western Wilsons Promontory coastline.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1974.tb01330.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1974.tb01330.x ? Thomas,A. 1991= Giandarra Bog, NSW - A Natural Record of Environmental Change Canberra UNSW@ADFA7 Giandarra Bog, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology Honours ? . Longmore,M.E.(McCallan)
O'Leary,B.M.
Rose,C.W. 1983 Caesium-137 profiles in the sediments of a partical-meromictic lake on Great Sandy Island (Fraser Island) , Queensland, Australia 21-27
Hydrobiologia 103 1} Hidden Lake, Fraser Island, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, Cs dating, palaeolimnology, 210Pb dating, radiocarbon dating Hidden Lake is a perched, brown-water lake located in the centre of Great Sandy Island (Fraser Is.), S.E. Queensland. It is highly acid (pH 4.0), oligotrophic and is thermally and chemically stratified for most of the year. The sediments revealed a 137Cs profile which departed from the temporal pattern of 137Cs fallout in Brisbane and was represented by an exponential increase of 137Cs towards the surface sediments from ca. 32 cm depth. The possible causes of the divergent profile are discussed, including physical and biological mixing, lag in the transport of catchment material to the sedimentary basin, diffusion, recycling and biological concentration. It is hypothesised that a combination of the last four processes, with diffusion facilitated by the highly acid conditions, are the major causes of the observed 137Cs profile. Possible recycling and bioconcentration of 137Cs raises questions as to the validity of this method of dating in similar environmental conditions, and as to the interpretation of other palaeochemical data. These hypotheses are to be tested against profiles obtained from 14C, 210Pb, 239/240Pu analyses of the sediment, and the measurement of 137Cs activity in the water and biota of the lake.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/n50744q82k014403/?p=1324d84365cf4bbbba0470bbf7fe9bc7&pi=4 DOI 10.1007/BF00028423 1? Torgersen,T.
Longmore,M.E. 1984^ Caesium 137 diffusion in the highly organic sediment of Hidden Lake, Fraser Island, Queensland 537-548 Marine and Freshwater Research 35m Hidden Lake, Old Lake Coomboo, Fraser Island, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, Cs dating, palaeolimnology The vertical distribution of 137Cs (originating from nuclear fallout since 1954) in the highly organic sediment of Hidden Lake is found to be inconsistent with 14C and 210Pb data. Mathematical models of bioturbation indicate that this mechanism cannot explain the discrepancy. Diffusive migration of 137Cs is modelled using the experimentally determined value of ≈140 for the distribution coefficient, KD, of 137Cs in Hidden Lake sediment. It is concluded that 137Cs is diffusing in the sediment at an effective rate of c. cm2 s-1 due to the low value of KD The diffusive mechanism is further modified by adsorption or absorption at or near the sediment-water interface.
7 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/126/paper/MF9840537.htm Full text doi:10.1071/MF9840537 [D?
Longmore,M.E. 1986a Modern and ancient sediments - database for management of aquatic ecosystems and their catchments Limnology in Australia De Deckker, P.
Williams, W.D. Dordrecht Dr Junk Publishersm Hidden Lake, Old Lake Coomboo, Fraser Island, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, Cs dating, palaeolimnology 671pp. ? Ladd,P.G. 1978X Vegetation history at Lake Curlip in Lowland Eastern Victoria, from 5200 B.P. to Present 393-414 Australian Journal of Botany 26S Lake Curlip, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, fire, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingQ The Lake Curlip swamp is part of the Snowy River flats and is covered mainly by Phragmites grassland and Melaleuca thickets. The land bordering the flats is generally cleared, but there are some open-forests dominated by eucalypts, and small patches of Acmena closed-forest occur in sheltered sites on the flats or in gullies. Sediments from a core taken from the swamp cover the period 5200 B.P. to present. From 5200 B.P. to about 1500 B.P., the pollen record shows very little change, but from 1500B.P. to the present, swamp plant pollen proportions undergo marked fluctuations. Most of the sediments under the Lake Curlip swamp were deposited under saline water; pollen and spores in the sediments were derived mainly from the Snowy and Brodribb Rivers, which flowed into a large common estuary. After 1700 B.P., the water over the core site became fresher, hydrosere succession followed, culminating in the growth of a Melaleuca ericifolia closed-scrub. Water-borne pollen and spores were eliminated from the site, but have recently been reintroduced with flood waters from the Brodribb Channel. The pollen record from Lake Curlip swamp suggests that there has been little change in the distribution of dry-land vegetation in this area. From this it must be concluded that the climate in the past 5200 years has been quite similar to that of the present.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9780393.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9780393 ? $ Hooley,A.D.
Southern,W.
Kershaw,A.P. 1980M Holocene vegetation and environments of Sperm Whale Head, Victoria, Australia 349-362 Journal of Biogeography 7G Loch Sport Swamp, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingi The pollen and stratigraphic analysis of two coastal interdune swamps on Sperm Whale Head in the Gippsland Lakes of south-eastern Victoria provides a regional picture of vegetation and environmental changes from beyond 7200 years BP to present. Moisture availability was greatest between about 7000 and 5200 BP with continuously moist swamp conditions and the presence of tall open forest in the area. Rainfall may then have fallen slightly causing the elimination of tall open forest elements though the increasing influence of the sea on ground water salinity may also have affected the vegetation. Water levels inthe depressions were higher between 5200 and 4000-3000 years ago, due perhaps to the attainment of present sea level, and lake conditions prevailed. Subsequently lakes became very shallow or intermittent, and hypersaline, while open eucalypt woodlands replaced the previously dominant Casuarina communities on dry land. A decrease in moisture availability to present-day levels is inferred, combined with an increase in fire frequency or intensity. The dry land and aquatic vegetation was further modified in recent times, due presumably to the activities of European man. The derived record from this area correlates well with others from lowland southeastern Australia and provides some valuable information on the status of present-day communities within the region.f Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28198012%297%3A4%3C349%3AHVAEOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y ?
Martin,A.R.H. 1972g The Depositional environment of the organic deposits on the foreshore at North Dee Why, New South Wales 278-2815 Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 96 4E Dee Why, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, Palynology, radiocarbon dating ? ' Macphail,M.K
Higginbotham,E.
Davey,B.G. 1988B An early colonial garden landscape at Sydney Cove; pollen and soil 141-144 Search 19 3J Sydney, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, soil, radiocarbon dating ? Head,L. 1985Q Further discussion of Phyllocladus and its pollen in Victoria during the Holocene 73-76 Australian Journal of Ecology 10 Bridgewater Lagoon, Lake Hordern, Long Swamp, Discovery Bay, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, southwestern Victoria, western plains5 Phyllocladus pollen was not identified in mid-late Holocene sediments in the Otway Ranges but has been found, in western Victoria, in a surface sample and in lake sediments probably younger than 1100 BP. These results refute the view of Churchill and Dodson (1980) that Phyllocladus was present in western Victoria (probably in the Otway Ranges) through the Holocene until dry conditions caused its extinction about 1100 BP. It is concluded that the Phyllocladus pollen in western Victorian Holocene deposits is derived from sources in Tasmania and/or New Zealand.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1985.tb00865.x' doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1985.tb00865.x 5? Head,L. 1985a Pollen analysis of sediments from the Bridgewater Caves archaeological site,southwestern Victoria 1-15 Australian Archaeology 20 Bridgewater Lagoon, Discovery Bay, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, macrofossils, radiocarbon dating, southwestern Victoria, western plains ? Dodson,J.R. 1975F The pre-Settlement vegetation of the Mt. Gambier area, South Australia 89-924 Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 99 25 Brownes Lake, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology ? Dodson,J.R. 1975B Late Quaternary vegetation history of southeastern South Australia Canberra Australian National University5 Brownes Lake, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology PhD ? Yezdani,G.H. 1970] A study of the Quaternary vegetation history in the volcanic lakes region of western Victoria Melbourne Monash Universityh Cobrico Crater, southwestern Victoria, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, western plains PhD? Head,L. 1987Y The Holocene prehistory of a coastal wetland system: Discovery Bay,southeastern Australia 435-462
Human Ecology 15d Discovery Bay, Victoria, VIC, southwestern Victoria, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, archaeology Recent theories of socio-economic change in hunter-gatherer societies have referred to associated changes in intensity and mode of resource exploitation. These ideas are examined in the light of pollen and charcoal analyses of an Australian coastal wetland system which allow, at the local scale, (1) documentation of resource availability, (2) identification of resource use, particularly where fire technology is involved, and (3) examination of the effect of environmental change on the archeological record. Evidence of plant food management through fire around 6800 BP suggests a longer history of deliberate swamp exploitation than indicated by the archeological record, and lends support to models which propose long-term gradual change in zones of high productivity.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/v2676026ux12419h/?p=7ce629450dbb4561891a720d3b77d75c&pi=2 DOI 10.1007/BF00887999 F? Clark,R.L.
Hope,G.S.
Hope,J.H. in pressO Palaeoenvironments of the Rocky River bone bed, Kangaroo Island,South Australia4 Transactions of the Royal Society of South AustraliaE Rocky River, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology? Crowley,G.M. 1994A Quaternary soil salinity events and Australian vegetation history 15-22 Quaternary Science Reviews 13 1l Freshwater Lake, Lake Turangmoroke, Fiery Creek, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, soil, radiocarbon dating A late Quaternary history of Australian soil salinization is produced by comparing Chenopodiaceae and Casuarina pollen curves. Although salinity development varied between sites, its occurrence was generally associated with arid phases and when high rainfall or high sea level caused regionally high groundwater tables. Soil salinization contributed to the shift from Casuarina- to Eucalyptus-dominance of interglacial sclerophyll vegetation. The deposition of saline sediments deflated from the Murray Basin seems more likely than Aboriginal burning to have caused the decline of Casuarina at Lake George. Soil salinization probably resulted in other vegetation changes and must be taken into account in environmental reconstructions. The renewed increase in soil salinity caused by European land-use practices and an associated decline in Casuarina are evident in the pollen records of many sites. j http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBC-487HKH4-D&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1994&_rdoc=4&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235923%231994%23999869998%23410196%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5923&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=7&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=c13e626a0839dce5967e039b01ef1eff" doi:10.1016/0277-3791(94)90122-8 W? Harle, K.J. 1997v Late Quaternary vegetation and climate change in southeastern Australia: palynological evidence from marine core E55-6 465-4831 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 131 3-4N Core E55-6, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, stable isotopes, charcoal, fire Palynological analysis of core E55-6 obtained from off-shore western Victoria, provides a record of vegetation and climate change in the southeastern South Australian and western Victorian region spanning much of the last 125,000 yr. An accompanying oxygen-isotope record provides a chronology for the sequence. The pollen record suggests that maximum effective precipitation occurred during the height of the Last Interglacial (oxygen-isotope substage 5e), with wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest widespread in the region. Effective precipitation appears to have decreased during substage 5d promoting the expansion of dry sclerophyll communities, then increased slightly during substage 5c with the limited re-occurrence of wetter forest types. Climatic conditions gradually became drier from substage 5b with the replacement of eucalypt dominated forest by more open heath and mallee type communities in the arid glacial conditions of isotopic stage 4. A brief phase of increased effective precipitation occurred during the interstadial stage 3, with limited expansion of Eucalyptus, followed by a steady decline in effective precipitation and the expansion of open heath and grass communities. Pollen is very sparse in the top section of the core, making environmental interpretation difficult. Nevertheless, it appears that grass and heath communities dominated the region during stage 2. There is no clear record of the Holocene due to the presence of mudflow sediments in the top of the core. The pollen evidence also suggests that continental shelf exposed as sea levels fell was colonised by a mosaic of coastal vegetation including Myrtaceae dominated scrub, eucalypt and Casuarina woodland, Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae dominated heath and grassland.
The charcoal record, expressed as a ratio to pollen concentration, gives evidence of increased burning during the height of the Last Interglacial period, most likely in response to increased fuel loads with the expansion of eucalypt dominated forest. This record also indicates a second phase of increased burning, commencing in stage 2, which gives possible evidence for increased anthropogenic activity in the region.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-3SWM89K-H&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1997&_rdoc=15&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%231997%23998689996%2312052%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=c12468bc370cd570534ec5a128e820e3# doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00016-3 ?? Dodson, J.R. 1974F Vegetation and climatic history near Lake Keilambete, western Victoria 709-717 Australian Journal of Botany 22} Lake Keilambete, southwestern Victoria, western plains, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Two cores from Lake Keilambete, a saline volcanic crater lake in western Victoria, were analysed for pollen and carbonates and a description of the vegetation record over the last 10,000 years is presented. Vegetation changes and carbonate identifications are used to describe the climatic history of the area in association with what is known about the changes which occurred at the nearby salt lake, Lake Gnotuk. With both sets of data it has been possible to describe, in general terms, how the climate has varied in the Western District.
The climate gradually became wetter after 9700 B.P. and the wettest period in the last 10,000 years occurred between 6500 B.P. and 5000 B.P. After this time the water levels in the lakes fell and the presence of dolomite carbonates indicates that the water levels in the lakes were lowest at about 3500 B.P. and later at about 770 B.P. Water levels rose again and reached their peak in the second half of the 19th ccntury.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9740709.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9740709 ? Bowler,J.M.
Hamada,T. 1971p Late Quaternary stratigraphy and radiocarbon chronology of water level fluctuations in Lake Keilambete, Victoria 330-332 Nature 232i Lake Keilambete, southwestern Victoria, western plains, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynologyG WHEN compared with the northern hemisphere, the southern hemisphere has provided little palaeoclimatic information on the past 30,000 yr. A systematic study of lakes is under way to help establish a reliable palaeoclimatic sequence covering this period in south-east Australia and to explore possible correlations with worldwide climatically controlled events. This is a preliminary report of the stratigraphic and radiocarbon analysis of deposits from Lake Keilambete, located within the western Victorian volcanic province near Kerang 190 km west-south-west of Melbourne (Fig. 1).
A http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v232/n5309/abs/232330a0.html doi:10.1038/232330a0 ? Churchill,D.M
Dodson, J.R 1980] The Occurrence of Phyllocladus aspleniifolius (Labill.) Hook.F. in Victoria prior to 1100B.P. 277-284 Muelleria 4 3 Lake Keilambete, Sherbrooke Forest, southwestern Victoria, western plains, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Publication of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/research_and_conservation/publications/muelleria
Back issues can be ordered U? Dodson,J.R. 1974v Vegetation history and water fluctuations at Lake Leake, South-eastern South Australia Part 1. 10,000 B.P. to present 719-741 Australian Journal of Botany 22h Lake Leake, southwestern Victoria, western plains, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating The stratigraphy and detailed pollen analysis of the top 4 m of sediment in Lake Leake were used to describe the vegetation history and past changes in the water level in the lake basin. Some of the changes described have climatic significance. Six radiocarbon dates are used to place a chronology on these events and the results are used to compare previous work carried out in western Victoria. It is suggested that in south-eastern South Australia, immediately prior to 10,000 B.P., conditions were drier than at present and that after this time conditions became wetter, the wettest period of the last 10,000 years occurring between 6900 and 5000 B.P. After this time conditions became drier, marginally wetter again between 2000 and 1300 B.P., then relatively dry until the present day. Keys to aid in the identification of pollen of the Casuarinaceae, Myriophyllum and the Myrtaceae for species growing in the Lower South-East of South Australia are given.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9740719.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9740719 ? Dodson,J.R. 1975v Vegetation history and water fluctuations at Lake Leake, south-eastern South Australia. Part 2. 50,000 BP to 10,000 BP 815-831 Australian Journal of Botany 23h Lake Leake, southwestern Victoria, western plains, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingp A drill core from Lake Leake contains a sedimentary sequence extending from about 50,000 B.P. until the present. This paper discusses the results of the pollen analyses and six radiocarbon dates which span the period from about 50,000 until about 10,000 B.P. There are core sections which yielded low numbers of pollen and thus there are gaps in the vegetation record. It is suggested that open eucalypt woodland was replaced by eucalypt woodland with heath at about 50,000 B.P. and remained until about 39,000 B.P. Open woodland then returned but was replaced by eucalypt woodland with heath by 38,000 B.P. Some time after 35,000 B.P., open eucalypt woodland conditions returned and persisted until near 10,000 B.P. when Casuarina stricta migrated into the area. Through- out the period in question the climate was drier than it has been in the last 10,000 radiocarbon years. There were wet periods about 50,000 and 39,000 B.P. and from 38,000 to 35,000 B.P. The character of the sediments and the relative amounts of pollen preserved suggest that conditions were relatively dry from 50,000 to 39,000 B.P. and from after 35,000 until near 10,000 B.P.
The lake was driest during the period of the last glaciation but the presence of eucalypt pollen is interpreted as indicating that the average annual minimum temperature was above 10°C and the average annual rainfall was above 20-25 cm.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9750815.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9750815 ? Dodson,J.R. 19777 Pollen deposition in a small closed drainage basin lake 179-193% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 24 4h Lake Leake, southwestern Victoria, western plains, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating A moss cushion and fifteen lake bottom samples from a small volcanic crater lake in southeastern South Australia were examined for pollen. The distribution of pollen types is analysed in relation to the distance from source areas of Eucalyptus woodland and Pinus radiata plantations, and in relation to water depth in the lake.
Most taxa were only detectable in small quantities within a few metres of the source plants. The decline in these local pollen types led to a relative increase in regional pollen types in the centre of the lake. This is a problem which makes interpretation of the extent of the redeposition factor difficult for some taxa. The redeposition factor was small for extralocal taxa including Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp. as their relative frequencies declined noticeably toward the centre of the lake. Regional types included Casuarina stricta, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae and Poaceae pollen. Aquatic pollen was derived within the lake and does not contribute to the regional pollen rain. The majority of these taxa have highest values near the source plants but were also deposited elsewhere in the lake. The exceptions to this were Triglochin and Typha angustifolin pollen; the former showed a distribution pattern which had little relation to the occurrence of the plant while the latter had highest relative frequencies away from the source plants. The implications in relation to water depth interpretation from fossil pollen profiles are discussed. ( http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-48BM1W9-93&_user=554534&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F1977&_alid=596225976&_rdoc=4&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=4&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=dc1e2eadf8bb26c80c1f7c12893d78a6! doi:10.1016/0034-6667(77)90046-X 0 ? $ Harle, K.J.
Kershaw,A.P.
Heijnis, H. 1999 The contributions of marine palynology and uranium/thorium to the dating of the lake Wangoom pollen record., Western Plains of Victoria, Australia 25-34 Quaternary International 57-58{ Lake Wangoom, Victoria, Vic, western plains, southwestern Victoria, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, U-series dating! An extended pollen record from Lake Wangoom provides clear evidence for two climatic cycles incorporating three major effective precipitation peaks. The existing radiocarbon dates and age estimates derived from uranium/thorium dating and correlation with the pollen sequence from an isotopically-dated marine record presented here provide conflicting chronologies for these cycles. The radiocarbon dates indicate the youngest and middle precipitation peaks correspond, respectively, to the Holocene and the last major interstadial (oxygen isotope stage 3). By extrapolation, the oldest peak correlates most closely with substage 5c. Uranium/thorium disequilibrium dates suggest both the middle and oldest precipitation peaks occur within the isotope stage 5 complex, the middle phase corresponding with an interstadial and the oldest with the height of the Last Interglacial. The most reliable chronology, at least for the later cycle, is considered to be provided by comparison with the pollen record from a marine core with an oxygen isotope sequence from offshore Victoria. This record indicates that the last time precipitation levels attained those of the Holocene was during the Last Interglacial period and suggests that the Wangoom record extends back to the penultimate interglacial of isotope stage 7.
l http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-3YN2Y5T-3&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_rdoc=3&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236046%231999%23999419999%23164889%23FLA%23display%23Volumes)&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=21&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=290537f04ba77294fe696416be59b7d3# doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(98)00047-0 _? Ladd,P.G. 1976< Past and present vegetation of the Lancefield area, Victoria 113-127 The Artefact 1 3; Lancefield Swamp, Victoria, VIC, radiocarbon dating, pollen Journal of The Archaeological and Anthropological Society of Victoria, Incorporated
Back issues can be ordered from http://home.vicnet.net.au/~aasv/artefact.htm ? N Gillespie, R.
Horton, D.R.
Ladd, P.G.
Macumber, P.G.
Rich, T.H.
Wright, R.V.S. 1978? Lancefield Swamp and the extinction of the Australian megafauna 1044-1048 Science 200; Lancefield Swamp, Victoria, VIC, radiocarbon dating, pollen Excavations into the Australian swamp of Lancefield show that a bone bed dated at 26,000 years ago contains perhaps 10,000 giant extinct animals. Associated artifacts suggest that humans were in the area, but the direct cause of death of the animals is, on present evidence, not explicable. Such a recent date for the classic megafauna shows that it was living together with humans for at least 7000 years in southeast Australia. This enduring association argues against a catastrophic and rapid overkill in the Australian Pleistocene.r Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819780602%293%3A200%3A4345%3C1044%3ALSATEO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1 2?
Clark,R.L. 1976 Vegetation history and the influence of the sea at Lashmar's Lagoon, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 3,000 B.P. to the Present Day Melbourne Monash University] Lashmars Lagoon, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Honours ? Clark, R.L. 1983a Pollen and charcoal evidence for the effects of Aboriginal burning on the vegetation of Australia 32-37 Archaeology in Oceania 18 2] Lashmars Lagoon, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating K? Lloyd, P.J.
Kershaw, A.P. 1997 Late Quaternary vegetation and early Holocene quantitative climate estimates from Morwell Swamp, Latrobe Valley, southeastern Australia 549-563 Australian Journal of Botany 45T Morwell Swamp, Latrobe Valley, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating A pollen diagram from Morwell Swamp provides a record of vegetation and climate through the Holocene period while the application of a bioclimatic analysis of the aquatic species Brasenia schreberi to the occurrence of its pollen in the record allows the first quantitative reconstruction of early Holocene climate from mainland south-eastern Australia. The beginning of the Holocene, c. 10000 years before present (BP), was marked by the establishment of permanent water within the basin and an expansion of forest under conditions of increasing precipitation and probably also temperature. The early Holocene forests were dominated by Casuarinaceae, a situation typical of lowland south-eastern Australia. The presence of Brasenia schreberi Gmel., a species now restricted to lower latitudes, suggests that, by c. 9000 years BP, mean annual temperatures had risen to slighly above today’s values, while summer temperatures may have been at least 1.3˚C higher. These results are surprising considering that most previous evidence has suggested that optimal climatic conditions were achieved between about 7000 and 5000 years ago, and that radiation levels are predicted, from Milankovitch forcing, to have been lower than today at this time in the Southern Hemisphere. It is clearly necessary to be somewhat cautious about the wholescale acceptance of the quantitative values at this stage, although they are not contradicted by other palynological data. Subsequent regional increases in the wetter forest elements, Nothofagus and Pomaderris, indicate a middle Holocene peak in precipitation, although it is estimated, from a bioclimatic analysis of Nothofagus, that summer temperatures had become substantially lower than today. This lowering may have been due to a local or regional increase in cloud cover. There is evidence for minor variation in vegetation and climate within the late Holocene, which is consistent with evidence from elsewhere within the region.4 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT96034.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT96034 ? McKenzie,G.M.
Kershaw, A.P. 1997 A Vegetation History and Quantitative Estimate of Holocene Climate from Chapple Vale, in the Otway Region of Victoria, Australia 565-581 Australian Journal of Botany 45_ Chapple Vale Swamp, Otway, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, central highlands A well-dated pollen record from Chapple Vale in the north of the Otway region provides a detailed history of vegetation and environments through the last c. 7000 years. From the commencement of the record, a stand of cool temperate rainforest, dominated by Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst., grew on or around the site and was surrounded by eucalypt-dominated tall open forest. Between c. 5200 and 4600 years BP (before present), the rainforest declined and tall open forest predominated. Some time after 4400 years BP there was a major and consistent increase in charcoal values, suggesting an increase in burning, the progressive development of scrub–heath vegetation on site and the replacement of tall open forest vegetation by eucalypt woodland surrounding the site. The fossil evidence for N. cunninghamii on the site and its present restriction to wetter areas and gullies of the Otway Ranges indicate, from the application of the present bioclimatic range of the species, a mean annual temperature and winter temperatures that were c. 1˚C cooler than present, and summer temperatures that were possibly slightly cooler than present, together with a much higher effective precipitation from the commencement of the record until c. 4600 years BP. These climatic estimates are in accord with those derived from a similar study of changing distributions of N. cunninghamii in the Central Highlands of lower mean annual and cooler summer temperatures and higher effective precipitation over this time span. However, for winter, the evidence is equivocal. While the Otway estimates suggest lower temperatures, the Central Highlands findings show slightly higher temperatures. Taking into account additional present-day records for N. cunninghamii, it is likely that the Otway estimates are the most reliable.4 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT96051.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT96051 ? 1 Edney,P.
Kershaw,A.P.
Peterson,J.A.
Coutts,P.J.F. 1985> Evidence of a Pleistocene age for Tower Hill, western Victoria 302-303 Search 16A Tower Hill, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ? Kershaw,A.P.
Bulman,D. 1996 A preliminary application of the analogue approach to the interpretation of late Quaternary pollen spectra from southeastern Australia 61-71 Quaternary International 33A Tower Hill, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Pollen spectra from the pre-European settlement phase in 73 pollen diagrams from mainland southeastern Australia are compared with fossil spectra from critical past periods in the Northwest Crater pollen record that covers at least the last 18,000 years. Previous interpretations of the fossil record are refined on the basis of individual recent spectrum analogues or best matches and on recent spectrum groups determined by numerical classification. It is found that spectrum matches generally increase through time as modern vegetation associations develop. In line with a number of studies in other parts of the world, true analogues are not apparent until the early-mid Holocene. Although providing useful insights into vegetation composition and climate, particularly seasonal climatic variation, the limited data base, lack of statistical manipulation of the data and the general homogeneity of the vegetation have inhibited, at this stage, the production of realistic quantitative climatic estimates. k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-3Y45X97-7&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1996&_rdoc=9&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236046%231996%23999669999%23148113%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=11&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=e7f178f1530606fdae81d10dc7fd1d84 doi:10.1016/1040-6182(95)00094-1? Dodson,J.R. 1987V Mire Development and Environmental Change, Barrington Tops, New South Wales, Australia 73-81 Quaternary Research 27 Black Swamp, Butchers Swamp, Boggy Swamp, Horse Swamp, Killer Swamp, Polblue Swamp, Sapphire Swamp, Clive Swamp, Barrington Tops, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Sediments began accumulating in nine mires on Barrington Tops, on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, before 11,000 yr B.P., and peat became common in the region by 8600 yr B.P. Sedimentation rates were low, but increased markedly about 3000 yr B.P. and again around 500 yr B.P. as a result of regional climatic change. A comparison of the results with other environmental data from the region suggests that conditions in the early Holocene were warmer and moister than at present, but that cooler and drier environments developed about 3000 yr B.P. In the last 500 yr a slight warming and either increased precipitation or cloudiness has become evident. o http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-4DV18B6-4N&_user=554534&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F1987&_rdoc=6&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236995%231987%23999729998%23530050%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=13&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=8f0184d3bb2b35423d8eba47c2af60de" doi:10.1016/0033-5894(87)90050-0 '?
Raine,J.I. 1974k Pollen Sedimentation in Relation to Quaternary Vegetation History of the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales Canberra Australian National Universityc Blue Lake, Mt Twynam, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating PhD T ?
Raine,J.I. 1982] Dimictic thermal regime and morphology of Blue Lake in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales 1119 - 11224 Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33 6X Blue Lake, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Temperature measurements of Blue Lake, a glacial cirque lake 28 m deep, were taken in 1971 and 1972 and indicate a dimictic thermal regime. A new bathymetric map, showing moraine features, is presented.
7 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/126/paper/MF9821119.htm!
Full text doi:10.1071/MF9821119 K? Dodson,J.R. 1988{ The perspective of pollen records to study response, competition and resilience in vegetation on Barrington Tops, Australia 183-208 Progress in Physical Geography 12z Boggy Swamp, Butchers Swamp, Sapphire Swamp, Barrington Tops, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ( ? Dodson,J.R. 1982= Modern pollen rain in southeastern New South Wales, Australia 249-268% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 38 3-4f Breadalbane Basin, Wet Lagoon, Goulbourn, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Abstract
Three sets of surface samples from southeastern New South Wales were drawn from a lake basin and various vegetation formations, including alpine heath and woodland, eucalypt-dominated sclerophyll forests, Callitris and eucalypt woodlands and Acacia—chenopod shrubland.
Many native taxa were found to contribute little or no pollen to the modern pollen rain while introduced taxa were found to be represented at significant levels. Eucalyptus pollen values below 20% and herb pollen such as Asteraceae (Tubuliflorae) above 6%, Cyperaceae above 4%, and the presence of Ranunculaceae, Plantago varia type and Caryophyllaceae were found to be important indicators of alpine vegetation. Surface samples from sclerophyll woodlands and forests are dominated by Eucalyptus pollen values above 20% and it was found that small differences in shrub, herb and fern representation were important in discerning associated species and hence environmental setting of the vegetation. Callitris and chenopod pollen were found to be important in separating out the drier woodland and shrubland formations. All taxa were analyzed from the point of view of their level of representation and these were compared to the results of all published data from southeastern Australia. It was found that Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae, Dicksonia, Eucalyptus, Melaleuca and Poaceae are in need of further research in their Australian context. k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-48F01DV-4B&_user=554534&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F1983&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%231983%23999619996%23421551%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=8&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=821494e286c67475fae1d297e11f6b44! doi:10.1016/0034-6667(83)90025-8 ?
Dodson,J.R. 1983G Pollen recovery from organic lake clays: A comparison of two techniques 131-138 Pollen et Spores XXV 1f Breadalbane Basin, Wet Lagoon, Goulbourn, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?
Binder,R.M. 1978T Stratigraphy and pollen analysis of a peat deposit, Bunyip Bog, Mt Buffalo, Victoria 52 Melbourne* Department of Geography, Monash University9 Bunyip Bog, Mt Buffalo, Victoria, VIC, radiocarbon dating( Monash Publications in Geography No. 19 ? Binder,R.M.
Kershaw,A.P. 1978M A Late Quaternary pollen diagram from the southeastern highlands of Australia 44-45 Search 9 1-2M Bunyip Bog, Mt Buffalo, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating#?
Williams,J.M. 1980P Crystal Bog, Mount Buffalo: A palaeoecological study of a subalpine peat deposit Melbourne* Department of Geography, Monash UniversityZ Bunyip Bog, Crystal Bog, Mt Buffalo, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Working paper no. 8 GD? Strickland,K.M. 1980 Studies on the relationship between the pollen rain and the vegetation in the vicinity of Cascade Creek on the Baw Baw Plateau, Victoria Department of Geography Melbourne Monash UniversityO Cascade Bog, Baw Baw Village, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Honours f?
Ladd, P.G. 1979m Past and Present Vegetation on the Delegate River in the Highlands of Eastern Victoria. I. Present Vegetation 167-184 Australian Journal of Botany 27\ Delegate River, Errinundra, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Swamp and forest vegetation on the Delegate River near Bendoc, at about 900 m above sea level in the highlands of eastern Victoria, was analysed by two different computer strategies-one agglomerative polythetic (MULTBET) and the other divisive monothetic (DIVINF). Classification of the species with respect to sites by DIVINF (inverse) produced 10 meaningful species groups and a residue of relatively rare species. MULTBET (normal) produced the more satisfactory classification of swamp and forest sites with respect to species, enabling 10 communities to be recognized: these are mapped and described. In general, the communities are characterized by a number of species groups and some groups are confined to particular parts of the study area.
The main environmental features affecting the distribution of communities appear to be altitude above the valley floor and aspect for the forest and, for the swamp, aeration and drainage of the soil, flooding (degree and duration) and low temperature.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9790167.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9790167 ?
Ladd, P.G. 1979 Past and Present Vegetation on the Delegate River in the Highlands of Eastern Victoria. II. Vegetation and Climatic History From 12,000 B.P. To Present 185-202 Australian Journal of Botany 27\ Delegate River, Errinundra, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating The site lies in a Sphagnum bog close to the Delegate River, which flows through swamp vegetation (low open-forest, thicket or bog) bordered by tall open-forest or open-forest dominated by Eucalyptus species. The pollen diagram covers the period from about 12,000 B.P. to the present and indicates a change of dryland vegetation from an initial alpine herbfield or grassland to forest with a shrubby understorey, similar to that in the area today, by about 8000 B.P. During this time the swamp vegetation changed from swampy heath to sedgeland and then to herbfield. After 8000 B.P. there is no indication of change in the dryland vegetation but, on the swamp, herbfield gave way to Leptospermum and Baeckea riparian vegetation that was later replaced by the present Sphagnum bog community. At about 12,000 B.P. temperatures in the area were probably at least 5°C lower than they are today; rainfall may have been less, but both temperature and precipitation had increased to present levels by about 8000 B.P.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9790185.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9790185 +? Gell, P.A.
Stuart, I.M. 1989i Human settlement history and environmental impact: the Delegate River catchment, East Gippsland, Victoria Melbourne# Monash Publications in Geography 36\ Delegate River, Errinundra, Victoria, Gippsland, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?F Crowley,G.M.
Gagan, M.K. 1995B Holocene evolution of coastal wetlands in wet - tropical Australia 385-399 The Holocene 5 4s Deeral Landing, Mutchero, Wyvuri Swamp, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating"? Crowley,G.M 1981 The Late Quaternary environmental history of the Lake Bolac region of western Victoria, and its implications for Aboriginal occupation Melbourne Monash UniversityJ Lake Bolac, Fiery Creek, western plains, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology Honours ? Costin,A.B. 1972_ Carbon-14 dates from the Snowy Mountains area, southeastern Australia, and their interpretation 579-590 Quaternary Research 2 Ginini Flats, Snowy Mountains, Mt Twynam, Australian Capital Territory, ACT, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Carbon-14 dates for fossil wood, peats, and organic soils from periglacial and glucial sites between 1100 and 2100 m in the Snowy Mountains area, southeastern Australia, are interpreted in relation to the site characteristics and the present climate. The dates indicate a widespread cold period commencing about 34,000-31,000 years ago, the effects of which apparently continued until about 15,000 and locally until about 9000 years ago; a subsequent warmer period; and a colder phase about 3000-1500 years ago. Mean annual temperatures during the first cold period are estimated to have been at least 8–10°C lower than at present, and at least 3°C lower during the cold phase of 3000-1500 years ago.
h http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-4DV17GN-81&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1972&_rdoc=9&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236995%231972%23999979995%23530028%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=5bf5e1c74e39caa305685b2ba641ddfe! doi:10.1016/0033-5894(72)90092-0 ? Singh, G. 1983e Late Quaternary vegetation and lake level record from Lake George, New South Wales: 18±2Ka, 15-10 Ka 85-86? Proceedings of the First CLIMANZ Conference, Howman's Gap, 1981 66 J.M.A. Chappell
A. Grindrod Canberrap Department of Biogeography and Geomorphology, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National UniversityY Lake George, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ? Ashton, D. H.
Hargreaves, G. R. 1993F Dynamics of subalpine vegetation at Echo Flat, Lake Mountain, Victoria 35-602 Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 12O Echo Flat, Lake Mountain, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ? Hargreaves, G. R. 19779 Vegetation dynamics of Echo Flat, Lake Mountain, Victoria Melbourne University of MelboumeO Echo Flat, Lake Mountain, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating MScy? McKenzie,G.M.
Busby,J.R. 1992q A Quantitative estimate of Holocene climate using a bioclimatic profile of Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst. 531-540 Journal of Biogeography 19 Echo Flat, North Torbreck, Oaks Creek, Lake Mountain, Powelltown, Torbreck River, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating A climate profile of Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst. generated by the bioclimatic prediction system (BIOCLIM) is applied to fossil pollen data from eight sites at different altitudes in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia, to derive palaeoclimatic estimates. Altitude-related changes in the distribution of N. cunninghamii over time, with peak distribution between c. 4000-7000 years BP, earlier at the lower altitude sites and later at the higher altitude sites, suggest that summer temperatures were c. 2 ∘ C lower and winter temperatures slightly higher than present, and with higher effective precipitation. Some reassessment of the above estimates may prove necessary as the model does not take into account the effects of factors such as microtopography, short-term climatic conditions, fire, and the ecological and ecophysiological characteristics of a taxon. The results of Victoria are generally similar to BIOCLIM predictions obtained from northeastern Queensland and Tasmania, but differ from climate estimates derived from certain fossil pollen assemblages. Identification of pollen, particularly of key indicator taxa, to lower taxonomic levels may help resolve this disparity.g Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28199209%2919%3A5%3C531%3AAQEOHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N D? Salas, M.R. 1981S A Reconnaissance Survey of the Vegetation and Sedimentary Record of Lake Tali Karng- School of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash UniversityF Lake Tali Karng, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Honours z? JD Smith
TF Hamilton 1985 Modelling of 210Pb behaviour in the catchment and sediment of Lake Tali Karng, Victoria, and estimation of recent sedimentation rates 15-224 Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36 1, Lake Tali Karng, Victoria, VIC, 210Pb dating The technique of 210Pb dating of sediments over time scales of up to 120 years is described and illustrated by a study of Lake Tali Karng. Results from the study of a sediment core from the deepest part of the lake shows that the flux of unsupported 210Pb to the sediment is about 145 mBq cm-2 year-1. Over the last 100 years, about 75 cm of sediment has accumulated at an average rate of 150-200 mg cm-2 year-1. Calculations using two models to convert 210Pb activity-depth profiles to age-depth profiles indicate that the sedimentation rate has increased slightly over the last 100 years. It is estimated that about 14% of the 210Pb falling in the catchment reaches the lake sediment, but depending on the assumptions made the possible range is 7-60%.
7 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/126/paper/MF9850015.htm Full text doi:10.1071/MF9850015 ? Kershaw, A.P.
Green, J.E. 1983A Tawonga Bog revisited: the history of a low altitude peat deposit 256-259 Victorian Naturalist 100B Tawonga Bog, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?
Rowe, R.K. 1968' Rare bog community at Tawonga, Victoria 123-124 Victorian Naturalist 85B Tawonga Bog, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?
Kodela,P.G.
Hope, G.S. 1992. Wingecarribee Swamp: Statement of Significance Sydney Report to NSW National Trust= Wingecarribee Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology :?! Kodela, P.G. 1992E Rainforest, pollen and palaeoecological studies in the Robertson area 5-8 Eucryphia 5R Wingecarribee Swamp, Wildes Meadow Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynologyc Journal of the Robertson Environmental Protection Society Inc. http://www.reps.org.au/eucryphia.htm d ?" Kodela,P.G. 1990T Modern Pollen Rain From Forest Communities on the Robertson Plateau, New South Wales 1-24 Australian Journal of Botany 38 1= Wingecarribee Swamp, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology The modern pollen spectra for Eucalyptus forest and rainforest communities were investigated from 19 sites in the Robertson area on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales. Cluster and discriminant analyses were applied to analyse pollen distribution from within and from outside warm temperate rainforest stands and tall open eucalypt forest stands. Pollen abundance is compared with a number of plant abundance estimates of taxa within forests to study pollen representation at the forest scale.
Pollen of Doryphora, Polyosma, Pittosporum, Hymenanthera, Tasmannia, Asclepiadaceae and most rainforest taxa investigated are poorly represented, while sclerophyll and open-ground taxa, particularly Eucalyptus, are better represented. The pollen of many native taxa do not appear to be well dispersed, and local pollen is commonly outweighed by pollen from regional sources. Pollen representation varied between taxa and sites, with factors such as vegetation structure, plant distribution, topography and disturbance influencing pollen representation.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9900001.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9900001 ?#
Macphail,M.K. 1979F Vegetation and climates in southern Tasmania since the last glaciation 306-341 Quaternary Research 11k Adamson's Peak, Beattie's Tarn, Eagle Tarn, Mt Field, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingX Enclosed basins (glacial and nonglacia) of Tasmania contain the most comprehensive record in Australia of trends in a regional vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene. Seven pollen sequences, each continuous and extending back at least 10,000 years, are used to reconstruct the history of postglacial vegetation and climate in Southern Tasmania (42°S–43°30′S). Interpretations are supported by a study of the modern pollen rain. Postglacial climates in Tasmania were characterized by a strong west-to-east decrease in precipitation. During the late Pleistocene, climates were markedly colder and drier than at present, and the vegetation was largely devoid of trees. A major rise in temperature between ca. 11,500 and 9500 yr B.P., accompanied by rising effective precipitation, resulted in the expansion of Eucalyptus, then other trees, across Tasmania. This warming trend may have been temporarily reversed during the early postglacial. Dry climates delayed the development of forest in inland eastern Tasmania until after ca. 9500 yr B.P. There is no evidence for a major change in climate since this temperature rise. Two broad phases of development have occurred within the postglacial forests. The first was an early Holocene phase during which Nothofagus cunninghamii cool temperate rain forest developed in western Tasmania and on the slopes of mountains in central and southeastern Tasmania. Eucalyptus sclerophyll forests developed in eastern Tasmania and have remained dominant there since. By ca. 7800 yr B.P. rain-forest communities were established beyond present-day limits. The second phase was a mid to late Holocene phase during which forests and alpine vegetation became more open in structure, leading to the re-expansion of Eucalyptus and shade-intolerant species. During the early to mid Holocene, climates in Southern Tasmania were wetter and (? then) warmer than at present. Maximum and minimum dates for this “optimum” are 8000 and 5000 yr B.P. Since then, climates have become increasingly rigorous, possibly through an increased incidence of inequable “weather types” leading to an increase in the frequency of drought and frost. Structural changes in the postglacial vegetation of Southern Tasmania closely parallel those at equivalent latitudes in New Zealand and Chilean South America, hence are likely to reflect the same primary cause. h http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-4DV0VFJ-45&_user=554534&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1979&_rdoc=3&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236995%231979%23999889996%23529958%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=10&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=60838f93b67e2e79d5a32d88a7005413" doi:10.1016/?$
Macphail,M.K. 1986\ Over the Top - pollen based reconstructions of past alpine floras and vegetation in Tasmania 173-2037 Flora and Fauna of Alpine Australasia: ages and origins Bryan A. Barlow
Melbourne > CSIRO in association with Australian Systematic Botany Society_ Adamson's Peak, Beattie's Tarn, Mt Field, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating
Chapter 11 c?% Colhoun,E.A 1996 Application of Iversen's glacial-interglacial cycle to interpretation of the late last glacial and holocene vegetation history of western Tasmania 557-580 Quaternary Science Reviews 15 5-6a Adamson's Peak, Crotty, Tullabardine Swamp, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating The Iversen glacial-interglacial cycle of vegetation change is modified and applied to glacial, Lateglacial and Holocene age pollen records from western Tasmania. Cryocratic conditions occurred at high altitude (ca. 500 m+) during glacial and Lateglacial time. Transition from cold humid to cool humid climate occurred on the lowlands by 13 ka BP and in the mountains by 10 ka BP. There is regional parallelism of vegetation development from grassland-herbland-sedgeland through alpine-subalpine scrub and woodland to temperate rainforest dominated by Nothofagus cunninghamii. However, radiocarbon dating shows that changes in the vegetation succession and Nothofagus rainforest maximum were non-synchronous. Although climate change from glacial to interglacial conditions directed the general succession, variations in dates for similar vegetation changes show that biological and physical variables were important for local vegetation development. Some sites show late Holocene vegetation changes that could be interpreted as revertance. Aboriginal fire and lake infilling were probably responsible. There is no evidence for an Allerød-type warm phase between 13 and 11 ka BP or a Younger Dryas-type cold phase between 11 and 10 ka BP. The climate was cool temperate between 13 and 0 ka BP, and neither temperature nor precipitation change was sufficient to cause vegetation change of regional significance. k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBC-3VWK6MV-F&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1996&_rdoc=13&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235923%231996%23999849994%2368390%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5923&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=19&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=16f7950fef52a5ddc21759d8f65a4202! doi:10.1016/0277-3791(96)00006-6 ;?' + Vera Markgraf
J. Platt Bradbury
J. R. Busby 1986C Paleoclimates in Southwestern Tasmania during the last 13,000 years 368-380 Palaios 1O Beattie's Tarn, Mt Field, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating August? http://palaios.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/1/4/368 ?(
Macphail,M.K. 1975) Late Pleistocene Environments in Tasmania 295-300 Search 6 7A Ben Lomond, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?)
Noble,M.G. 1981? Vegetation organisation along altitudinal gradients in Tasmania Canberra Australian National UniversityA Ben Lomond, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating PhDG?* Hope,G.S. 1978_ The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetational History of Hunter Island, North-Western Tasmania 493-514 Australian Journal of Botany 26 4N Cave Bay, Hunter Island, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Cave Bay Cave contains pollen-bearing sediments derived partly from weathering of the roof and partly from intermittent human occupation. These span the periods c. 28,000-14,700 B.P. and c. 8000 B.P. to the present. Pollen analysis of the Pleistocene sediments indicates that an initial open shrubland was followed by grassland which became increasingly open with abundant composites. Eucalypts occurred in the area but were probably very sparse. The Holocene section records a coastal shrubland like that at present in the area. Intervals of occupation appear to have had little effect on vegetation recorded at the cave, but fires occurred in the vegetation during unoccupied as well as occupied phases. Comparison of the Pleistocene spectra with those from sites in near-coastal Tasmania and south-eastern Australia suggest that an open grassland with scattered trees was extensive from the Adelaide region down to the Bassian Plain. Some components of this cold steppe formation may occur today in the treeline woodlands on the driest parts of the Tasmanian mountains, but there may also be floristic affinities with arid steppe. The grassland probably reflects conditions colder, drier and possibly windier than any represented in the area today.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9780493.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9780493 ?+ D.M. D’Costa
A.P. Kershaw 1997| An Expanded Recent Pollen Database from South-eastern Australia and its Potential for Refinement of Palaeoclimatic Estimates 583-605 Australian Journal of Botany 45 Bobundara Swamp, Darby Beach, Tidal River, Blue Lake, Snowy Mountains, Lake George, Cave Bay, Hunter Island, Pulbeena Swamp, Stockyard Swamp, Sundon Point, Cotter Source Bog, Mt Scabby, Ryans Swamp, Club Lake, Five Mile Beach, Jacksons Bog, Bombala, Micalong Swamp, Rotten Swamp, Mt Kelly, Bega Swamp, Australian Capital Territory, ACT, Tasmania, TAS, Victoria, VIC, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Seventy-one pollen spectra from prior to the period of European impact were extracted from fossil pollen diagrams on mainland south-eastern Australia in 1991 to use as a modern reference for refinement of vegetation and climatic histories constructed from the region. This paper presents results of an extension of this recent database to 135 spectra, derived from additional fossil pollen sites on the mainland and also from sites in Tasmania. The sites include those of almost all late Quaternary pollen studies ever undertaken. Estimates of climate for each site, derived by BIOCLIM, have allowed an examination of patterns of representation of individual recorded taxa in relation to regional variation in major climatic parameters. Pollen taxa show variable representation in relation to their inferred presence and abundance in parent vegetation due to differential pollen production and dispersal characteristics. However, patterns of pollen representation do appear to relate, in broad terms, to climatic variation. It is considered that this modern pollen and climate database should lead to more certain interpretation of future pollen records including some quantification of palaeoclimatic conditions.4 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT96046.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT96046 ?, Colhoun,E.A.
van de Geer,G. 1987d Vegetation history and climate before the Maximum of the Last Glaciation at Crotty, Western Tasmania 69-747 Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 121= Crotty, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?- Colhoun,E.A.
Sigleo,W.R. 1981D A short pollen diagram from Crown Lagoon in the Midlands of Tasmania 181-1887 Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 115/ Crown Lagoon, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology?/ ' Scarlett, N. H.
Hope, G.S.
Calder, D.M. 1974G Natural History of the Hogan Group. 3. Floristics and Plant Communities 83-987 Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1071 Hogan's Island, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology ?0 % Colhoun,E.A.
van de Geer,G.
Mook,W.G. 1982g Stratigraphy, pollen analysis and paleoclimatic interpretation of Pulbeena Swamp, northwestern Tasmania 108-126 Quaternary Research 18E Pulbeena Swamp, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingN Sedimentary, palynologic, and 14C analysis of 480 cm of freshwater marl and swamp-peat deposits, formed under the influence of fluctuating artesian springs, provides a paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic record of approximately 65,000 yr for northwestern Tasmania.
The Holocene (Pollen Zone 1, 11,000-0 yr B.P.) climate was warm and moist, and forest vegetation was dominant throughout the area. During the later part of the last glacial stage (Pollen Zone 2, 35,000–11,000 yr B.P.) the climate was generally drier, and grassy open environments were widespread. The driest part of this period occurred between 25,000 to 11,000 yr B.P., when temperatures in western Tasmania were markedly reduced during the last major phase of glaciation. Prior to 35,000 yr B.P. (Pollen Zones 3–9) a long “interstadial complex” dating to the middle of the last glacial stage is recognized. During this period the climate was generally moist, and forest and scrub communities were more important than during the later part of the last glacial stage, except during Pollen Zone 5 when high Gramineae plus Compositae values suggest drier conditions. High Gramineae and Compositae values also occur in Pollen Zone 10 at the base of the diagram. They suggest that a phase of drier and cooler climatic conditions occurred during the early part of the last glacial stage. n http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-4DV1893-4F&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1982&_rdoc=8&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236995%231982%23999819998%23530049%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=8&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=972bb83fdcd013bfd68f773f306174ce! doi:10.1016/0033-5894(82)90024-2 +?1 6 Fitzsimons,S.J.
Colhoun,E.A.
van de Geer,G.
Roberts,S. 1990 Definition and character of the Regency Interglacial and Early-Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy in the King Valley, western Tasmania, Australia 1-15 Boreas 197 Regency, King Valley, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology ?2 Colhoun,E.A. 1977d The Remarkable Cave, Southeastern Tasmania: its geomorphogical development and environmental history 29-397 Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 111F Remarkable Cave, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating}?3 Colhoun,E.A.
van de Geer,G. 1987[ Holocene to Middle Last Glaciation vegetation history at Tullabardine Dam, western Tasmania 177-2074 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 229I Tullabardine Swamp, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Pollen analysis of 4 m of peat, swamp-soil and lake sediments dated from 0 to > 43800 years b.p. indicates the occurrence of three major pollen assemblage zones. During Zone 1 (11000-0 years b.p.) the area had temperate rainforest and the climate was warm, moist and interglacial. During Zone 2 (?25000-11000 years b.p.), correlated approximately with the last period of glaciation, the vegetation was mainly grassland and the climate was considerably colder than present. In late glacial times (14000-11000 years b.p.) pollen of shrub and tree taxa increased, especially during the later part of the period as the climate became warmer and moister. During Zone 3 (more than 43000-?25000 years b.p.) the vegetation was predominantly sub-alpine and alpine. This vegetation represents an interstadial assemblage for a lowland site. The climate was cool and moist. The results are compared with sites of similar age in Tasmania, and with sites from temperate forest environments in Chile and New Zealand.m Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819861122%29229%3A1255%3C177%3AHTMLGV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8 -?5 Newsome,J.C.
Pickett,E.J. 1993` Palynology and palaeoclimatic implications of two Holocene sequences from southwestern Australia 245-2611 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 101 3-4I Boggy Lake, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingp Results from two palynological investigations of Holocene lake and swamp deposits from southwestern Western Australia are presented. These are used to assess the validity of the existing palaeoclimatic evidence for Holocene climates, which is contradictory. The Boggy Lake sequence from the far southwest of Western Australia shows that, while vegetation changes have taken place over the last ca. 4500 years, these cannot be attributed to climatic change. Palaeoecological interpretations of earlier work at the site are shown to have an insecure basis. The Loch McNess Swamp sequence from further north shows only minor vegetation changes since ca. 9000 yr B.P. which cannot be attributed with certainty to climatic causes. The investigations do not support earlier claims of Mid-Holocene climates wetter than present or of an extensive arid phase in the Mid- to Late-Holocene. l http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-48C7F5G-8W&_user=554534&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F1993&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%231993%23998989996%23418531%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=13&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=b183cdc70ee90d0a63a4822272ca6da4! doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90017-D
F?6 Churchill, D.M. 1968 The distribution and prehistory of Eucalypt diversicolor F. Muell., E. marginata Donn ex Sm., and E. calophylla R. Br. in relation to rainfall Australian Journal of Botany 16 125-151 Boggy Lake, Flinders Bay Swamp, Fremantle, Scott River Swamp, Weld Creek, Lighthouse Swamp, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Fossil pollen of Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. marginata, and E. calophylla has been identified in peat deposits from south-western Australia, where the species are prominent and economically important forest trees. The extant distribution of each species has been surveyed and the presence or absence of each, within and beyond the margins of their ranges, shows a close relationship with the mean rainfall of the wettest and driest months of the year. No such relationship was found with temperature data, and it is evident that the availability of water is a major factor influencing the distribution of these three species.
Past changes in the relative eucalypt pollen frequencies have been dated by radiocarbon assay, and the dates appear to cluster around 3000,1200, and 500 B.C. and A.D. 400 and 1200. Charcoal is common in the peat and it is evident that fires have frequently occurred around the sites investigated, for at least the past 5000 years. Many of these fires have severely burnt and truncated the peat deposits. However, charcoal is not always present at levels of substantial change in the pollen frequencies, from which it is concluded that equilibrium between these forest eucalypts and fire has existed for at least the past 7000 years. Fossil evidence of the presence of prehistoric man in Australia predates the period under investigation, but the impact of man on the vegetation was probably limited to his use of fire.
From what is known of the moisture requirements of the two species, it seems probable that a climate which favoured a relative increase of the E. diversicolor/E. Calophylla ratio would be much wetter than that which would favour a high E. calophylla/E. diversicolor ratio. This being the case, it is evident from the prehistoric changes in the ratios of these two species that the climate from at least 4000 until 3000 B.C. was wetter than at present, and thereafter it became increasingly dry (maximum dryness at c. 1200 B.C.) until about 500 B.C., when conditions once more became wetter and continued so until A.D. 500; after this a period of rapid drying out is evident until A.D. 1200-1500, when conditions became wetter up to the present day.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9680125.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9680125
C?7 Newsome, J. C. 1999C Pollen-vegetation relationships in semi-arid southwestern Australia 103-119% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 106 1-2I Boggy Lake, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Pollen deposition within a number of vegetation types in two regions of semi-arid southwestern Australia was studied over a two-year period using pollen traps. The vegetation at each trap location was recorded, and both the pollen and the vegetation data were analyzed using TWINSPAN and Detrended Correspondence Analysis, in order to facilitate the comparison of the vegetation and pollen assemblages. Patterns of pollen deposition observed suggested moderately strong relationships between the vegetation and the pollen assemblages, although some of the vegetation details were not always well reflected in the pollen assemblages. The pollen assemblages were aggregated by the multivariate analyses into groupings similar to those produced by the vegetation data, pointing to the strength of the relationship between the two. It was possible to distinguish a number of vegetation types on the basis of pollen assemblages. Typically woodland sites in the Kalgoorlie region had high frequencies of Eucalyptus pollen associated with low pollen frequencies of Acacia and other trees. Understorey components were also reflected in the pollen assemblages. Acacia and mixed scrub sites showed the highest frequencies of Acacia pollen with low to moderate pollen frequencies of Eucalyptus, low Casuarina and often high values of Callitris/Actinostrobus. Scrub-heath vegetation typically had high frequencies of Callitris/Actinostrobus, moderate to high Myrtaceae undifferentiated, low to moderate Eucalyptus and low Acacia, Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae pollen frequencies. Thickets had high pollen inputs of dominant local taxa combined with low frequencies of Acacia and Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, and moderate Eucalyptus pollen frequencies. Hummock grassland and Chenopod low shrubland pollen assemblages reflected the local vegetation and had low frequencies of pollen likely to have a regional source, such as Eucalyptus, Casuarina and Callitris/Actinostrobus.
j http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-3WRBMG5-5&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%231999%23998939998%23103360%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=6&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=b004e31feb87af0ad7b59bdae0777a71# doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(99)00004-4 ?8 Churchill, D.M. 1959; Late Quaternary eustatic changes in the Swan River District 53-552 Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 42Q Flinders Bay Swamp, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating?9 Pickett, E. J.
Newsome, J.C. 1997y Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) pollen and its potential role in investigations of Holocene environments in Southwestern Australia 187-205% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 98 3-48 Thomsons Lake, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology` This study investigated the potential for using suites of pollen morphological characters to identify pollen of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) to species in modern and fossil material. Characteristics were examined in the modern pollen from nine species of Eucalyptus that occur in an area around Walpole, on the south coast of southwestern Australia. Success was achieved in separating the modern pollen into defined pollen types. These character suites were then applied to fossil Eucalyptus pollen in a nearby Holocene sequence, Boggy Lake, to assess their usefulness in distinguishing fossil pollen into types. Considerable success was achieved with this, although up to 50% of the pollen grains could not be allocated to the pollen types for a variety of reasons. However, the study demonstrated that the fossil records of Eucalyptus pollen are potentially more environmentally informative than has previously been thought, at least for Holocene studies in this region. The use of suites of characters may be applicable to the identification of Eucalyptus species elsewhere, and also to other genera within the Myrtaceae.
i http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-3SX714K-1&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1997&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%231997%23999019996%2313322%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=9&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=7ceae5cf4abcfff4a6c7b012ee916dd8" doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(97)00028-6 =?:
Boyd, W.E. 1990^ Quaternary pollen analysis in the arid zone of Australia: Dalhousie Springs, central Australia 331-341% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 64 1-4W Dalhousie Springs, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology, aridity, radiocarbon dating Sediment sequences from sites in Central Australia, one of the more arid parts of the world, have only recently been investigated for their Quaternary fossil pollen content and results from such research have not previously been published. This paper reports preliminary results from one of the sites being currently investigated, Dalhousie Springs, a major group of Great Artesian Basin mound springs in northern South Australia, where organic swamp deposits are associated with artesian spring outflows. These sediments are extremely unusual in this arid environment and offer both a unique opportunity to examine aspects of the late Quaternary vegetational history in the arid zone of Australia and a novel approach to arid region Quaternary environment studies. Results from this site primarily reflect the local swamp history of the last 2000 years or so; inferred vegetation changes largely represent changes in water flow from the spring feeding this swamp and the consequential growth of the swamp. These results demonstrate the potential for using spring-related sediments in the application of pollen analysis in the study of arid land palaeoenvironments. m http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-48F0312-S1&_user=554534&_coverDate=10%2F23%2F1990&_rdoc=41&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%231990%23999359998%23421621%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=44&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=da85a295ecbaba3133935c78d6646c2c" doi:10.1016/0034-6667(90)90149-D #?; Boyd,W.E. 1994s Quaternary pollen analysis in the Arid Zone of Australia: Further Results from Dalhousie Springs, central Australia 274-280 Australian Geographical Studies 32 2W Dalhousie Springs, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology, aridity, radiocarbon dating ?<
Balme,B.E. 1963F Palynological report number 98: Lake Eyre No. 20 Bore, South Australia 89-104 AdelaideA Geological Survey of South Australia Reports of Investigations 24J Lake Eyre, Tirari Desert, South Australia, SA, aridity, pollen, palynology ?= Luly,J. 19905 Holocene palaeoenvironments at Lake Tyrrell, Victoria Canberra Australian National UniversityS Lake Tyrrell, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating PhD ?> Sluiter,I.R.K.
Parsons,R.F. 1995g On the Holocene palaeoenvironmental record from Lake Tyrrell, northwestern Victoria, Australia: A reply 149-156 Journal of Biogeography 22 1S Lake Tyrrell, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon datingg Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28199501%2922%3A1%3C149%3AOTHPRF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S [??
J. G. Luly 1995L Holocene Palaeoenvironments at Lake Tyrrell: Response to Sluiter and Parsons 152-156 Journal of Biogeography 22 1S Lake Tyrrell, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon datingg Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28199501%2922%3A1%3C152%3AHPALTT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q ?@ Churchill,D.M. 1960< Late Quaternary changes in the vegetation on Rottnest Island 160-166 Western Australian Naturalist 7L Lighthouse Swamp, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology Q?A $ Selkirk,D.R.
Selkirk,P.M.
Griffin,K. 1982g Palynological Evidence for Holocene Environmental Changes and Uplift on Wireless Hill, Macquarie Island 1-175 Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 107 1b Wireless Hill, Macquarie Island, Antarctica, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingJ?B Salas, M.R. 1983[ Long distance pollen transport over the southern Tasman Sea: evidence from Macquarie Island 285-292 New Zealand Journal of Botany 21b Wireless Hill, Macquarie Island, Antarctica, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Numerous exotic pollen and spore types occur in Holocene lake deposits on Macquarie Island. Most are considered to be derived from sources in the south-east Australian region. Myrtaceae pollen, which probably includes both Eucalyptus and Metrosideros, accounts for over 40% of the total exotic counts for 2 cores. Podocar-paceae, Phyllocladus, Casuarina, and Pomaderris are also present in significant proportions. Single records for Dacrydium cupressinum and Ascarina lucida, and the absence of Nothofagus 'fusca' suggest that New Zealand pollen sources are relatively poorly represented. This find emphasises the need for caution when assessing the nature of the exotic pollen rain at sites on mainland New Zealand and surrounding islands. , http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjb/1983/39.php 0028-825X/83/2103-0285S2.50/0 ?C Colhoun, E.
Goede, A. 1974= A Reconnaissance Survey of the Glaciation of Macquarie Island 1-19, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 108b Wireless Hill, Macquarie Island, Antarctica, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating L ?D Sweller,S.
Martin,H.A. 1996i History of the vegetation at Burraga Swamp, Barrington Tops National Park, Upper Hunter River Region, NSW 23-505 Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 118l Burraga Swamp, Barrington Tops, pollen, palynology, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon datingt ?E Sweller,S.
Martin, H.A. 2001p A 40,000 year vegetation history and climatic interpretations of Burraga Swamp, Barrington Tops, New South Wales 233-244 Quaternary International 83-85l Burraga Swamp, Barrington Tops, pollen, palynology, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating Burraga Swamp, a small basin surrounded by cool temperate rainforest at 985 m in the central New South Wales Highlands, has provided a record of 40,000 years. From 40,000–30,000 years BP, the site was a lake with a very slow rate of deposition of fine grained sediments and flourishing aquatic/swamp vegetation. The dryland vegetation was an open or sparsely treed grassland/herbfield. From 30,000–21,000 years BP, the dryland vegetation remained much the same, but the aquatic vegetation disappeared. From 21,000–17,500 years BP, sandy sediments were deposited at an accelerated rate, culminating in a layer of gravelly sand, possibly the result of periglacial activity. Only one band of clay in this section contained sufficient pollen to study, indicating treeless vegetation. After 17,000 years BP, the rate of sediment accumulation slowed or ceased and after 15,000 years, some mesic elements started to return. At 6500 years BP, peat started forming and cool temperate rainforest was fully developed, remaining on the site to the present. This site extends the record of treeless condition at the last glacial maximum to more northerly localities than previously known.
m http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-43X7KNP-K&_user=554534&_coverDate=09%2F11%2F2001&_rdoc=17&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236046%232001%23999149999%23263189%23FLA%23display%23Volumes)&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=21&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=a2c58ca04780c42bebe61a8ce7b68673$ doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00042-8 ?G $ Gagan,M.K.
Johnson,D.D.
Crowley,G.M. 1994Z Sea level control of stacked late Quaternary coastal sequences, central Great Barrier Reef 329-351
Sedimentology 41 2s Deeral Landing, Mutchero, Wyvuri Swamp, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingY Lithofacies analysis, pollen assemblages and radiocarbon age dates of 20 stratigraphic drill holes are used to develop an evolutionary history for late Quaternary sedimentation in two coastal embayments landward of the central Great Barrier Reef. Different physiographic settings of the embayments result in two contrasting styles of sedimentary sequence: (a) an exposed, moderate energy, beach barrier-lagoon system (Wyvuri Embayment) and (b) a protected, low energy, muddy inlet fill sequence (Mutchero Inlet). Despite sharp contrast in sequence style, similar depositional cycles occur in both embayments in response to late Quaternary sea level fluctuations including: (1) a last interglacial highstand (+2 m; c. 125 000 yr bp) beach barrier (Wyvuri); (2) an early to mid-Holocene (8000–6100 yr bp) transgressive beach barrier-lagoon (Wyvuri) and estuarine infill (Mutchero); and (3) mid-Holocene to present highstand beach barrier (Wyvuri) and estuarine (Mutchero) progradation. Preservation of such cycles in the stratigraphic record would produce a series of vertically stacked and offset linear barrier sands surrounded by lagoonal mud and fine grained shoreface sediment juxtaposed to muddy, estuarine infills.
Sea level elevations are well recorded by the upward transition from Rhizophora-dominated intertidal mangrove mud to freshwater swamp (clearly identified by pollen analysis) and by the basal contacts of beach barrier sediments which sharply overlie the upper shoreface. Transgressive sedimentation is interrupted in both embayments by a constructional beach barrier (Wyvuri) and abbreviated progradation (Mutchero) corresponding to a — 5 m pause in relative sea level rise at c. 6800 yr bp. Sea level control of fine scale coastal sedimentation patterns is beginning to be widely recognized and provides an accurate analogue for stacked ancient sequences.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01409.x' doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01409.x i?H & Crowley, G.M.
Grindrod,J.
Kershaw,A.P. 1994U Modern pollen deposition in the tropical lowlands of north east Queensland, Australia 299-327% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 83 Mutchero, Wyvuri Swamp, Great Barrier Reef, Hinchinbrook Channel, Cleveland Bay, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Surface sediments of mangrove, freshwater wetland and rainforest sites in northeast Queensland were sampled to obtain pollen signatures from a range of climatic and vegetational settings as a basis for interpretation of fossil pollen diagrams. Maximum terrestrial pollen diversity was predicted by curve fitting using the Putter No. 1 growth curve. Taxonomic diversity was found to be a better indicator of rainfall zone than the presence of absence of any one taxon. However, the presence of Chenopodiaceae pollen and a general lack of rainforest pollen types are characteristic of low-rainfall environments. High values for pteridophytes indicate fluvial conditions, while high-altitude taxa were found in lowland sites fed by streams draining upland vegetation. Local habitat indicators provide good evidence for the type of depositional environment, in keeping with other published studies. k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-489RNSS-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F1994&_rdoc=2&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%231994%23999169995%23414937%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=10&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=1744afbe608bf0a2087279bb8402aebc! doi:10.1016/0034-6667(94)90142-2 ?I
Salas, M. R.
Kershaw, A.P. 1982C Pollen analysis of sediment samples from Blue Lake, South Australia Adelaide CSIRO Division of Soils> Blue Lake, Mt Gambier, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology ?J Head,L. 1989H Using palaeoecology to date Aboriginal fishtraps at Lake Condah,Victoria 110-115 Archaeology in Oceania 24; Lake Condah, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, archaeology D?K Bottomley,C. 1994Y Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments of Carlisle Perched Lake in the Otway Ranges, Victoria1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash University? Carlisle Perched Lake, Otway, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology Honours 8 D?L Jenkins,M.A. 1992Z A Late Holocene vegetation record from an interdunal swamp, Mornington Peninsula, Victoria1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash UniversityT Greens Bush, Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire
M.Env.Sci. D?M A McNess 1988G A fine resolution vegetation history from a Melbourne metropolitan park1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash UniversityF Willsmere Billabong, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology,%?N Howard,T.M
Hope,G.S. 1970s The present and past occurrence of Beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii Oerst) at Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, Australia 199-210, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 83 2A Mt Latrobe, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology D?O D Penny 1993H Palaeoecology and human impact at Lake Coleman, East Gippsland, Victoria1 Department of Geography and Environmental Science Melbourne Monash University: Lake Coleman, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology Honours ?P Pola, J. 1993Q Late Pleistocene pollen and vegetation history from Lake Selina, western Tasmania Newcastle University of Newcastle. Lake Selina, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology Honoursp ?Q % Harle, K.J.
Hodgson, D.A.
Tyler, P.A. 1999 Palynological evidence for Holocene palaeoenvironments from the lower Gordon River valley, in the World Heritage Area of southwest Tasmania 149-162 The Holocene 9 2. Lake Fidler, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology A Holocene palaeoenvironmental history from the World Heritage Area of southwest Tasmania is reconstructed using an 8000-year palynological record from Lake Fidler, a small meromictic lake adjacent to the lower reaches of the Gordon River. The sequence indicates that cool temperate rainforest has remained dominant in the region for at least the last 8000 years, confirming the wilderness value of this important conservation area. There is little evidence for fire in the region throughout this period and no discernible evidence for anthropogenic impact until approximately 1815 when small-scale convict logging activities commenced along the Gordon River. The record demonstrates the long-term presence of stands of one of the world's oldest living trees, Huon pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii), with significant increases in this species in the mid- to late Holocene. This expansion is evident in several Tasmanian records and is associated with declines in other important Tasmanian plant species. It is proposed that it represents a regional phenomenon possibly related to climate change. Examination of the climate signal from other Australian Holocene pollen records provides some support for this interpretation.i Document URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1069900461&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=20870&RQT=309&VName=PQD DOI: 10.1191/095968399677220198 D?R
Dyson,W.D. 1995@ A pollen and vegetation history from Lake Dove, Western Tasmania Department of Geography Newcastle University of Newcastle, Lake Dove, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology Honours ?S
Thomas, I. 1996B Environmental Changes in Northeastern Tasmania during the Holocene ? ? ?1 Mathinna Plain, Tasmania, Tas, pollen. palynology- No additional reference information available ?T Thomas,I. 1992N The Holocene Palaeoecology and archaeology of northeastern Tasmania, Australia Hobart University of Tasmania; Mt Victoria, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology, archaeology PhD ?U Martin,H.A.
McMinn,A. 1994n Late Cainozoic vegetation history of north-western Australia, from the palynology of a deep sea Core (ODP 765) 95-102 Australian Journal of Botany 422 ODP 765, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology In the late Miocene, casuarinaceous forests were predominant in north-western Australia. Through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, Casuarinaceae declined and Poaceae increased, until grasslands predominated. Acacia and some other shrub species were present, suggesting possible shrublands. Surprisingly, however, there were very few Myrtaceae; hence, eucalypt dominated vegetation was never present in this part of Australia. The present vegetation of Acacia shrublands and tussock/hummock grasslands developed, therefore, from casuarinaceous forests.
The late Cainozoic palaeovegetation is compared with others of equivalent age elsewhere in Australia.
6 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT9940095.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT9940095
?V Macphail,M
Hope, G
Anderson, A 2001c Polynesian Plant Introductions in the southwest Pacific: Initial Pollen Evidence for Norfolk Island 123-134 Records of the Australian Museum
Supplement 27] Kingston Common, Norfolk Island, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingY Thick organic swamp sediments, buried under land fill on Kingston Common, preserves evidence of the Norfolk Island flora and vegetation back to the middle Holocene and probably much earlier times in the Late Quaternary. These sediments provide (1) a bench mark against which the impact of humans on the flora and vegetation of a long-isolated island can be assessed and (2) a means of determining whether particular plant genera and species are introduced or native to the island. Although sediments contemporary with Polynesian occupation about 800 years ago were destroyed by European draining and cultivation of the swamp during the early nineteenth century, the pollen data indicate that New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax) was introduced to Norfolk Island by Polynesians. Other putative exotics such as Ti (Cordyline), a bull-rush (Typha orientalis) and, less certain, herbs such as the sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus), were part of the native flora long before the earliest recorded Polynesian settlement. Wildfires have been part of the landscape ecology of Norfolk Island since at least the middle Holocene.x http://www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1347_complete.pdf
http://www.shop.nsw.gov.au/pubdetails.jsp?publication=3880ZD?W
Watson,J.R 1995 A Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction and Assessment of Human Impact in a Supalpine Area of the Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, Australia School of Geography Sydney University of New South Walesj Brooks Ridge Fen, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating nD?X Van der Kaars, W.A. 1989 Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of Australasia as reflected by the palynology of eastern Indonesian deep sea piston-cores* Department of Palynology and Palaeoecology Amsterdam University of Amsterdame G6-2 Argo Abyssal, G4-K4P3, G4-K4P1, Kau Bay, Ceram G5-2-053P, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating PhD ?Y Clark,R.L
Guppy, J.C. 1988[ A transition from mangrove forest to freshwater wetland in the monsoon tropics of Australia 665-684 Journal of Biogeography 15x Jabiluka Billabong, Magela Plains, Mine Valley Billabong, Northern Territory, NT, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating The coastal freshwater wetlands of western Arnhem Land in the monsoon tropics of the Northern Territory of Australia are subject to new and increasing pressures from a range of land uses. Wetland history is needed as a bais for management decisions. Radiocarbon dates and pollen analyses of samples from fifty surveyed sites on the Magela floodplain show mangrove vegetation encroaching as sea level rose from about 8000 BP to 6000 BP. The extensive Rhizophora forest established at that time lasted until about 3000 BP, when the sediments built up above the upper tidal limit for these mangroves. Avicennia and other mangrove genera became more abundant in the subsequent transition phase. The floodplain has been a freshwater wetland since about 1300 BP. High resolution pollen analyses of contiguous 1 cm samples through the transition at two sites show parallel sequences of vegetation changes. Large-scale spatial and temporal stability of the two mutually exclusive ecosystems, mangrove forest and freshwater wetland, contains considerable small-scale variation. Maximum diveristy and variability occureed during the time of least environmental stability in the transition phase. Vegetation changes was discontinuos, with each major shift followed by variation aorund a new man. A rise in sea level of 0.5-1.0 m could destroy the present freshwater wetland and allow some mangroves to return to the Magela.g Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28198807%2915%3A4%3C665%3AATFMFT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O ?Z
White,J.P. 1994; Site 820 and the evidence for early occupation in Australia 21-33 Quaternary Australasia 12 2@ ODP 820, Queensland, QLD, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating www.aqua.org.au?[ Grindrod,J.
Rhodes, E.G. 1984R Holocene sea-level history of a tropical estuary: Missionary Bay, North Queensland 151-178" Coastal Geomorphology in Australia B.G. Thom New York Academic Press3 Missionary Bay, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology ?\ Whinam, J.
Kirkpatrick, J.B. 1994) The Mount Wellington String Bog, Tasmania 63-687 Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1288 Mt Wellington, Hobart, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology no pollen (Haberle notes)?] " D'Costa, D.M.
Grindrod,J.
Ogden,R. 1993 Preliminary environmental reconstructions from late Quaternary pollen and mollusc assemblages at Egg Lagoon, King Island, Bass Strait 351-366 Australian Journal of Ecology 18 3l Egg Lagoon, King Island, Lake Flannigan, Bass Strait, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating A late Quaternary environmental record is currently being developed from Egg Lagoon, King Island, Bass Strait, a site which is geographically well situated to contribute towards a history of the Bass Strait region. Environmental reconstructions are based on a stratigraphic survey and pollen, charcoal and mollusc analyses of sediment core samples. The recorded stratigraphy includes five sedimentary units representing estuarine-marine, freshwater lake and swamp depositional environments. Amino-acid racemization analyses of marine shells indicate a greater than last interglacial age for the basal estuarine-marine unit, while radiocarbon analyses of organic muds and wood suggest that a substantial section of the overlying freshwater lake and swamp facies is beyond the conventional limit for this technique. Local pollen assemblages represent freshwater lake and swamp plant communities that have varied presumably according to water level changes at the site. Regional pollen assemblages represent terrestrial herbaceous communities, believed to have existed under cooler and drier climates than today, and Eucalyptus- and Phyllocladus-dom'maied forests and woodlands from periods with greater effective precipitation than at present. A sustained increase in charcoal representation dating from at least 39 000 years before the present may indicate an anthro-pogenically induced change in the fire regime, consistent with the earliest dates for human occupation in mainland Tasmania.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00462.x' doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00462.x D?^ Harle, K. 1989B Palaeoenvironments of the Mt Anne region in south western Tasmania Department of Geography Melbourne Monash University; Upper Timk Lake, Mt Anne, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology Honours 3?_
Hope,G.S. 1996o A report on the environment of Mt Scabby and palaeoecological analyses of swamp and stone arrangement sediments Canberra= Unpublished report to ACT National Parks and Wildlife ServiceS Cotter Source Bog, Mt Scabby, Australian Capital Territory, ACT, pollen, palynology 8 D?` Radclyffe,E. 1993M Fire and people in Jervis Bay: toward a fire history in an occupied landscape Department of Geography Canberra Australian National Universityr Ryans Swamp, Jervis Bay, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, charcoal, fire HonoursH ?a Russell-Smith, J. 1985r A record of change: studies of Holocene vegetation history in the South Alligator River region, Northern Territory 191-2022 Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 13e Ki'ina, South Alligator River, Kakadu, Northern Territory, NT, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating#Ǿ?b ) Hope, G.S.
Hughes, P.J.
Russell-Smith, J. 1985U Geomorphological fieldwork and the evolution of the landscape of Kakadu National Park 229-240/ Archaeological Research in Kakadu National Park R. Jones Canberra Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service and Australian National University Research School of Pacific Studies Joint Publicatione Ki'ina, South Alligator River, Kakadu, Northern Territory, NT, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon datingE Australian National Parks And Wildlife Service Special Publication 13 0 ?c
Martin,A.R.H. 1986n Late glacial and Holocene alpine pollen diagrams from the Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, Australia 367-409% Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 47 3-4 Club Lake, Mt Kosciuszko, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, erosion, eutrophication, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating8 Pollen diagrams from two cirques above 1950 m in the Kosciusko Park primitive area, cover between them most of the time since deglaciation. Colonisation of what may have been alpine desert, by high alpine communities, is traced from after glacial maximum to about 10,600 yr B.P., when an immigration of alpine grassland occurred. About 7000 yr B.P., pure grassland was replaced by mixed grass-sedge communities with some reduction in herbfield elements. This coincided approximately with a period of greater occurrence of montane wet sclerophyll under-storey elements in the pollen spectra, notably Pomaderris.
As the Pomaderris interval waned, ca. 4400 yr B.P., a period of sedge dominance ensued, extending to about 2000 yr B.P., some alpine taxa now showing striking surges of short term abundance, which may be local in origin but related to climatic instability. Meanwhile, the slow rise in representation of Eucalyptus appears to have continued despite decline in montane elements. This effect may result from continuing late colonisation of the alpine tract by Snowgum (Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. niphophila). Two dips in the eucalypt pollen curve during this interval are discussed as responses to a colder interval and possible firing episodes. The pollen record may be abbreviated or truncated some time after 1800 yr B.P. k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6W-48CGKHS-D&_user=554534&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1986&_rdoc=8&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235825%231986%23999529996%23419849%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5825&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=11&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=80504f057210315b49253eab0e0be933! doi:10.1016/0034-6667(86)90043-6 v?d
Martin,A.R.H. 1986W Late Glacial and early Holocene vegetation of the alpine zone, Kosciuszko National Park 161-1705 Flora and Fauna of Alpine Australia: ages and origins Barlow, B.A. Melbourne CSIRO Club Lake, Mt Kosciuszko, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, erosion, eutrophication, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?e Ladd,P.G. 1979R A Holocene vegetation record from the eastern side of Wilsons Promontory, Victoria 265-276 New Phytologist 82 1Z Five Mile Beach, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Pollen analysis of sediment at a site on the eastern side of Wilsons Promontory (southern Australia) privides a record of the vegetation from about 13 000 B.P. to the present. A Eucalyptus forest was present on the site at first, but was replaced by a Melaleuca scrub or thicket about 11000 B.P., probably reflecting a rise in the watertable. As the sea was at least 6 km distant, this event may mark increasing rainfall near the start of the Holocene. The arrival of the sea close to the site about 7000 years ago is demonstrated by changes from a freshwater swamp to saline salt marsh, followed by succession to the low scrub swamp of the present.
Regionally, the Nothofagus rainforest, which is now restricted to small isolated stands on high parts of the promontory, expanded between 11 000 and 7000 B.P. This forest is now more extensive than at 11000 B.P. but has contracted relative to the mid-Holocene extent. From this it appears that the climate of this region during the mid-Holocene was slightly wetter than that of the early or late Holocene.
The later half of the record is in agreement with other work from the western side of Wilsons Promontory.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1979.tb07580.x' doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1979.tb07580.x ?f Ladd,P.G 1971? A Pollen Diagram from Five Mile Beach Swamp, Wilsons Promontory Melbourne University of MelbourneZ Five Mile Beach, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Honours b?g
4 Kershaw, A.P.
Dunkerley, D.L.
Quinn, M.
Southern, W. 1979\ A Scientific and environmental investigation of Jackson's Bog, southern tablelands of N.S.W. MelbourneL Unpublished Report to National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South WalesZ Jackson's Bog, Monaro Tablelands, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire ?h Southern, W. 1982f Late Quaternary vegetation and environments of Jackon's Bog and the Monaro Tablelands, New South Wales Melbourne Monash UniversityZ Jackson's Bog, Monaro Tablelands, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire MSc ?l
Macphail, M.K.
Hope, G. S. 1997C Palynological report, Core Site KCA, Kingston Swamp, Norfolk Island Canberra4 Unpublished report to Australian Heritage Commission] Kingston Common, Norfolk Island, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating-?m
Macphail,M.
Neale, J. 1996R Kingston Swamp, Norfolk Island: a unique natural archive of SW Pacific Prehistory? Canberra> Interim Report prepared for the Australian Heritage Commission] Kingston Common, Norfolk Island, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating ?n " Boyd, W.E.
Stubbs, B.J.
Averill,C. 1999 The 'grasses' of the Big Scrub District of north-eastern New South Wales: a sedimentary record of late Holocene grasslands in subtropical forest landscape 331-336 Australian Geographer 30 3c Wilsons River, New England Tablelands, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating@ _?o McGrath, R.J.
Boyd, W.E. 1998l Holocene vegetation history of Bundjalung National Park and Bungawalbin Creek, north-eastern New South Wales 205-221 Australian Geographer 29 2S Bungawalbin Creek, New England Tablelands, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology? *?p
Dodson, J.R. 2000C Radiocarbon dates from a Holocene deposit in Southwestern Australia 229-234 Radiocarbon 42 2\ Byenup Lagoon, Western Australia, WA, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, radiocarbon dating A radiocarbon chronology has been developed using shell, bulk peat, and paired charcoal and pollen preparations from a peat and clay sequence in southwestern Australia. The results indicate the sequence is of Holocene age, and the mid-Holocene was a period of rapid sediment deposition. The earliest record is based on Bothriembyron sp. snail shell and there is a strong indication that the deposit had a stratigraphic hiatus between 9600 and 4700 BP.Modern shell of the snail has no ancient reservoir effect. The bulk peat ages were a little younger than associated AMS determinations on hand-picked charcoal and residues from pollen preparations. As a group, paired charcoal and pollen based dates were indistinguishable in age. This implies that the sedimentary charcoal shows no significant storage and transport time in the catchment before deposition. This is important when interpreting pollen records and sedimentary charcoal to reconstruct fire and vegetation dynamics and inter-relationships. Q http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/arizona/rdc/2000/00000042/00000002/art00007 P ?q + Gerritse, R.G.
Wallbrink, P.J.
Murray, A.S. 1998Z Accumulation of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia 165–179$ Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 47 2q Swan-Canning Estuary, Peel-Harvey Estuary, Western Australia, WA, geochemistry, 210Pb dating, charcoal, Cs datingq Accumulation rates of P and of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu were measured in sediment cores from the Swan-Canning Estuary in Western Australia. The main sources of P in sediments are catchments of the major tributaries Ellen Brook and Avon River. Since 1940, anthropogenic P has increased about five times in sediments of Ellen Brook and has almost trebled in sediments of the estuary. Records show that since 1940 dissolved inorganic P in the estuary has increased between two and three times. Though dissolved inorganic P appears to be conservatively mixed in the estuary, sediment inventories suggest that a significant part of the input of P is retained in the estuary. A combination of high concentrations of dissolved P in Ellen Brook and large fluxes of particulate matter from the Avon River could explain this. Concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in sediments have risen significantly since colonial settlement and, unlike P concentrations, have been dominated by inputs from sources near the estuary. Vertical distributions of metals in sediment cores from the estuary suggest that, historically, concentrations of Zn and Cd started increasing first, followed by Cu and then P and Pb.Acid extractable Pb, unlike Zn, Cd and Cu, in surface sediments is greater than expected from equilibration with the water column. This is attributed to the presence of particulate Pb-oxides from road runoff.
n http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WDV-45JB7JB-1R&_user=554534&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F1998&_rdoc=4&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236776%231998%23999529997%23301514%23FLT%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6776&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=9&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=81801164cff9c16ca021e6940b6e8504 doi:10.1006/ecss.1998.0349 ?r 9 Cavanagh, J.E.
Burns, K.A.
Brunskill, G.J.
Coventry, R.J. 1999 Organochlorine pesticide residues in soils and sediments of the Herbert and Burdekin River regions, North Queensland - implications for contamination of the Great Barrier Reef 367-375 Marine Pollution Bulletin 39q Great Barrier Reef, Herbert River, Burdekin River, Queensland, QLD, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, organochlorines, TOCx Organochlorine pesticides were widely used in the Australian sugarcane industry from the early 1950s until the late 1980s. Erosion of sugarcane soils and subsequent transport of sediment bound contaminants in river run-off to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon is a growing concern as the cane industry continues to expand. Organochlorine pesticide residues can be used as tracers to examine the worst-case scenario of the spatial extent to which currently used, though less persistent, organic agricultural pesticides might extend. The coastal alluvial flood-plains of the Herbert and Burdekin Rivers in North Queensland have sugarcane growing as the major coastal land-use. Sediment cores and surface sediment samples were collected from near-shore coastal regions of the Herbert and Burdekin Rivers. In addition, soil samples from cane-fields in the two catchments were collected. Analyses of the marine surface sediment samples and three sediment cores revealed the absence of detectable concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (<5 pg/g). However, easily detectable concentrations were found in the sugarcane soil samples (0.01–45 ng/g).
f http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6N-47XPGRF-1V&_user=554534&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F1999&_rdoc=53&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235819%231999%23999609998%23389670%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5819&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=56&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=7089e94c158b1984da25f53db34682ce# doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00058-2 ?s 9 Cavanagh, J.E.
Burns, K.A.
Brunskill, G.J.
Coventry, R.J. 2003 Organochlorine insecticide usage in the sugar industry of the Herbert and Burdekin River regions: chemical and biological assessments 29) CRC Sugar Technical Publication July 2003
Townsville$ CRC for Sustainable Sugar Productionq Great Barrier Reef, Herbert River, Burdekin River, Queensland, QLD, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, organochlorines, TOC ISBN - 187667928X ?t
Napoli, M. 1996` The contaminant chronologies of Prospect Creek and Salt Pan Creek as recorded in their sediments University of SydneyS Georges River, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size Honours ?u
Smith, J.D. 1996? Study of sedimentation rates in Port Phillip Bay using lead-210 Canberra# CSIRO Environmental Projects OfficeA Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, VIC, 210Pb dating, sediment modelling? Technical report (Port Phillip Bay Environmental Study) no. 41 ?v Morris, A 1996: The Biogeography of Plant Communities at Woodman Point, WA Perth University of Western Australiam Lake Kwornicup, Woodman Point, Western Australia, WA, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, pollen, palynology, diatoms Postgraduate Diploma of Science ?w Fitzgerald, F. 1998N The impact of European settlement on two lagoons in New South Wales, Australia
Wollongong University of Wollongongm Lake Tabourie, Lake Illawarra, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, pollen, palynology Masters ?x
Iles, M.T. 1998W Catchment impacts of mining in the Adelaide River region, Northern Territory, Australia Darwin Charles Darwin UniversityB Adelaide River, Northern Territory, NT, 210Pb dating, geochemistry Honours \ ?y Noakes, A.J. 1998 A study of the land use change and fire record of the Thirlmere Lakes area since European settlement as provded by the sediment record
Wollongong University of Wollongong{ Thirlmere Lakes, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, charcoal, pollen, palynology, grain size Honours?z Ilott, P. 1998Z Pollution history of Botany Bay assessed via geochemical analysis of Towra Point sediments
Wollongong University of Wollongong] Towra Point, Botany Bay, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size Honours 1?{
Rainbow, C.M. 1999~ Chronology of sediments and spatial pollutant distribution patterns in the Werri Berri Creek catchment, Wollondilly Shire, NSW
Wollongong University of WollongongW Werri Berri Creek, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, stable isotopes, grain size, LOI Honours0 ?| Metcalfe, G.D. 1999i Without a paddle: A study of the effects of land use and urban development in the Erskine Creek catchment
Wollongong University of Wollongongj Erskine Creek, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, nutrient, geochemistry, grain size, LOI Honours ?} Packwood, A. 1999@ An environmental investigation of Lake Conjola, South Coast, NSW
Wollongong University of Wollongongd Lake Conjola, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, LOI, grain size, pollen Honours ?~ Langeveld, M in prep> Nutrient cycling in a modified tropical macrotidal environment Darwin Charles Darwin University3 Buffalo Creek, Northern Territory, NT, 210Pb dating PhD? Harrison, J. 2000I The spatial and temporal pollution distribution in the Tonalli River, NSW Sydney University of Technology Sydney` Tonalli River, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size, LOI Honours *? ' Harrison, J.
Heijnis. H.
Caprarelli, G. 2003v Historical pollution variability from abandoned mine sites, Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, NSW, Australia 680-687 Environmental Geology 43r Tonalli River, Lake Burragorang, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size, LOIU Core and surface sediments from the Tonalli River, a tributary of the artificial lake, Lake Burragorang, in the Blue Mountains National Park, New South Wales, Australia, were studied to evaluate the spatio-temporal distribution of pollutants from the Yerranderie silver-lead-zinc mine site, abandoned in the late 1920s. A sediment core was collected in the mouth of the Tonalli River, at its junction with Lake Burragorang, and surface sediment samples were collected in the Tonalli River and its tributaries. The concentrations of Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg and Ag in the sediments were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques. Temporal variability of metal concentrations was established through 210Pb dating of the core sediments and compared with published historical records, rainfall records and bushfire data. Metal concentrations in core sediments showed an overall increase around the year 1950 as well as increases coincident with heavy rainfall. Spatially, metal concentrations were up to 400 times the guideline limit around mine sites but decreased rapidly with distance downstream of the mines.
] http://www.springerlink.com/content/gfb9ha7p00mggxvp/?p=501984095c83463eb8fa4ab99dfcae9d&pi=4 DOI 10.1007/s00254-002-0687-8 ? Organo, R.J. 2000J The spatial and temporal distribution of pollution in the Cox's River, NSW
Wollongong University of WollongongY Cox's River, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size Honours ? @ Harle, K.J.
Britton, K.
Heijnis, H.
Zawadzki, A.
Jenkinson, A.V. 2002x Mud, mines and rainforests: a short history of human impact in western Tasmania, using pollen, trace metals and lead-210 481-497 Australian Journal of Botany 50H Dove Lake, Tasmania, TAS, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, pollen, palynology2 Lead-210, pollen and trace-element analyses of a finely sampled 7.5-cm sediment core from a subalpine tarn in western Tasmania have provided a detailed record of post-colonial human impact in the region. Lead-210 analysis indicated that the record extends back to about 1811 AD, with several changes in sediment rates evident. These have been tentatively related to disturbance in the catchment associated with ore prospecting. The regional vegetation has been reconstructed for this period using pollen abundances. Prior to 1860 AD, there appears to have been little disturbance in the regional vegetation, with relatively high taxon diversity and pollen concentrations. Important communities included rainforest dominated by Nothofagus cunninghamii and subdominated by Phyllocladus and Eucryphia, eucalypt-dominated mixed and wet sclerophyll forest and subalpine and/or alpine complexes. From the 1860s, the evidence suggests an overall reduction in the extent of regional forests, particularly rainforest and subalpine woodland. Initially, this appears to have been associated with both elevated charcoal levels and minor increases in concentrations of trace metals, particularly lead, tin, arsenic and copper. By the 1950s, however, significant reductions in taxon diversity and pollen abundance (particularly for rainforest and subalpine woodland) were strongly associated with rapidly increasing concentrations of trace metals. This evidence corresponds with historic records of mineral prospecting and mining in the region, especially around Queenstown where significant deforestation occurred due to logging and pollution from smelters. Interestingly, the evidence for the most significant impacts coincided with the escalation of open-cut mining from the 1950s to the 1970s, rather than earlier phases of smelter-produced pollution. 4 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT01028.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT01028 '?
Panayotou, K. 2004t Geomorphology of the Minnamurra River estuary, southeastern Australia: evolution and management of a barrier estuary
Wollongong University of Wollongong[ Minnamurra River, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size PhD { O ?
) Hancock, G.J.
Olley, J.M.
Wallbrink, P.J. 2001 Sediment transport and accumulation in Western Port: Report on Phase 1 of a study determining the sources of sediment to Western Port Canberra+ CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 47/01m Western Port Bay, Victoria, VIC, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, OSL dating, geochemistry, pollen, palynology, pinus
NovembeN?
p Wallbrink, P.J.
Hancock, G.J.
Olley, J.M.
Hughes, A.
Prosser, I.P.
Hunt, D.
Rooney, G.
Coleman, R.
Stevenson, R. 2003 The Western Port sediment study Canberra' CSIRO Land and Water Consultancy Reportm Western Port Bay, Victoria, VIC, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, OSL dating, geochemistry, pollen, palynology, pinus $ ? Edgar, G.J.
Samson, C.R. 2004j Catastrophic decline in mollusc diversity in Eastern Tasmania and its concurrence with shellfish fisheries 1579-1588 Conservation Biology 18 6 Geilston Bay, Kangaroo Bay, Tranmere, Ralphs Bay, Oyster Cove, Shelter Cove, Trial Bay, Apollo Bay, Birchs Bay, Petchys Bay, Port Cygnet, Tasmania, TAS, 210Pb dating, mollusca, grain size, geochemistry We used historical patterns of deposition of mollusc shells to infer changes to inshore benthic assemblages in the southeastern Tasmanian region over the past 120 years. We identified and counted shells in slices embedded within 1m long 210Pb-dated sediment cores were collected at 13 sites in water depths of 8–16 m. Declines in mollusc species richness and shell production occurred during the past century at all sites studied, with a mean decline per 5-cm sediment slice from 21 species in 1890 to 7 species in 1990 and in shell abundance from 150 to 30 individuals over the same period. The time course of decline notably corresponded with the history of the scallop dredge fishery, presumably either because scallop dredging caused general declines in populations of mollusc species or because other factors caused a catastrophic regional decline in molluscs that included scallops. As a consequence, the fishery was forced to close. Of major concern is that losses had not previously been recognized but extended throughout the 100-km coastal span of the study. Given that fishing and other anthropogenic impacts, as well as a lack of observational data, are virtually ubiquitous for the coastal zone, major recent losses in mollusc biodiversity may be globally widespread but have gone unnoticed.J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00191.x% doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00191.x ? Colliton, J.P. 2001N The impact of European settlement and coal mining on the Nattai Catchment, NSW Sydney University of Technology, Sydneya Nattai, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size, charcoal, LOI Honours ? Buchanan, G. 2001M Chronology of sediment and land-use/vegetation history in the Kakadu area, NT Sydney University of Technology, Sydneyt Annaburro Billabong, Kakadu, Northern Territory, NT, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size, LOI, pollen, palynology Honours? G Seen, A.
Townsend, A.
Atkinson, B.
Ellison, J.
Harrison, J.
Heijnis, H. 2004 Determining the history and sources of contaminants in sediments in the Tamar Estuary, Tasmania, Australia, using 210Pb dating and stable Pb isotopes 49-54 Environmental Chemistry 1I Tamar Estuary, Tasmania, TAS, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, stable isotopes0 210Pb dating and heavy metal analyses (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) have been combined to establish an historical profile of pollutant levels in sediments in the Tamar Estuary (Tasmania, Australia) over the past century. Heavy metal profiles through the core show a strong correlation with mining activities and industrialization during the past century, reflecting catchment disturbance in one of Australia’s earliest settled areas. A source apportionment of Pb in the sediment core using stable Pb isotope ratios (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb) shows that mine pollution has been contributing 10–25 mg kg–1 to Tamar Estuary sediments since the start of mining in the early 1890s, whilst non-mining inputs were not significant until post-1930 and became increasingly significant post-World War II. Since the 1950s–1960s, non-mining anthropogenic Pb inputs have become as significant as Pb from mining activities, although there does appear to be a decline in non-mining inputs during the past 20 years, which is consistent with findings elsewhere where reductions in atmospheric Pb levels have been observed and are attributed to the phasing-out of leaded gasoline. The source apportionment does, however, suggest that Pb from mine pollution at Storys and Aberfoyle Creeks continues to impact upon upper Tamar Estuary sediment quality.T http://www.publish.csiro.au/view/journals/dsp_journal_fulltext.cfm?nid=188&f=EN04011 doi:10.1071/EN04011 ? Baumber, A. P. 2001k Holocene infill and evolution of Lake Wollumboola, a saline coastal lake on the New South Wales South coast
Wollongong University of WollongongA Lake Wollumboola, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating HonoursL ? Ralph, T.J. 2001 The rate and distribution of sedimentation adjacent to a distributary channel in the Macquarie Marshes and the implications for processes of channel avulsion Sydney Macquarie University] Macquarie Marshes, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, radiocarbon dating, sediment modelling HonoursD? Sloss, C. 2001X Holocene stratigraphic evolution and recent sedimentological trends, Lake Illawarra, NSW School of Geoscience
Wollongong University of Wollongong? Lake Illawarra, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating Honours ? Flett, I. 2003. The history of algal blooms in the Myall Lakes Sydney University of Technology, Sydneyb Myall Lakes, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size, LOI, pollen, palynology Honours"? Agnew, C.F. 2002l Recent sediment dynamics and contaminant distribution folloing a bushfire in the Nattai River catchment, NSW
Wollongong University of Wollongong\ Nattai, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size, charcoal Honours "? Brazier, J. in preps Fate of Heavy metal contaminants from Rum Jungle Uranium Mine into the Finniss River, Northern Territory, Australia Darwin Charles Darwin UniversityY Finniss River, Rum Jungle, Northern Territory, NT, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, grain size PhD ;? ? Saunders, K.M.
McMinn, A.
Roberts, D.
Hodgson, D.A.
Heijnis, H. 2007 Recent human-induced salinity changes in Ramsar-listed Orielton Lagoon, south-east Tasmania, Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management 51-706 Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17 15 Orielton Lagoon, Tasmania, TAS, diatoms, 210Pb dating> Many coastal lagoons in eastern Australia have changed as a result of recent human activities. However, it is often difficult to determine the extent of change and the ecological implications. A palaeoecological approach allows a quantitative assessment of how an aquatic ecosystem changes and responds to human impacts beyond what is possible with historical data or monitoring programmes.
2. Orielton Lagoon (south-east Tasmania, Australia) is a Ramsar-listed coastal wetland of international importance for conservation. This study was undertaken at the site to determine whether recent anthropogenic hydrological modifications to the lagoon had influenced its ecology, particularly salinity, and compromised its Ramsar status.
3. A diatom-salinity transfer function was constructed from a training data set of 96 diatom taxa from 34 sampling sites in 19 lagoons along the east coast of Tasmania.
4. The salinity of Orielton Lagoon has changed in response to a causeway constructed across its mouth, which has transformed the lagoon from an open marine environment to an enclosed, virtually stagnant, brackish water body.
5. These changes have compromised the protected coastal wetland status of Orielton Lagoon. Environmental remediation attempts have since partially restored the natural hydrology of the lagoon and it is now returning towards the state it was in prior to causeway construction.
6. A palaeoecological approach using diatoms was found to be successful in reconstructing recent salinity changes and investigating human impacts on Orielton Lagoon over the last 50-55 years. F http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112390743/ABSTRACT0 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1002/aqc.732
? Sim, A.K. 2004b The investigation of vegetation thickening in central Queensland using palaeoecological techniques Sydney University of New South WalesR Lake Dunn, Queensland, QLD, 210Pb dating, grain size, pollen, palynology, charcoal Honours; F? 4 Saunders, K.M.
Hodgson, D.A.
Harrison, J.
McMinn, A. In press Palaeoecological tools for improving the management of coastal ecosystems: a case study from Lake King (Gippsland Lakes) Australia Journal of Paleolimnology Lake King, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, 210Pb dating, chlorophylla, grain sizG !? m Gell, P.
Fluin, J.
Tibby, J.
Haynes, D.
Khanum, S.
Walsh, B.
Hancock, G.
Harrison, J.
Zawadzki, A.
Little, F. 2006\ Changing fluxes of sediments and salts as recorded in lower River Murray wetlands, Australia 416-424w Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems (Proceedings of a symposium held in Dundee, UK, July 2006) 306* John S. Rowan
Robert W. Duck
Alan Werritty United Kingdom2 International Association of Hydrological SciencesJ Murray River, Ajax, Raal, Pike, South Australia, SA, 210Pb dating, diatoms The River Murray basin, Australia’s largest, has been significantly impacted by changed flow regimes and increased fluxes of salts and sediments since settlement in the 1840s. The river’s flood plain hosts an array of cut-off meanders, levee lakes and basin depression lakes that archive historical changes. Pre-European sedimentation rates are typically approx. 0.1–1 mm year-1, while those in the period after European arrival are typically 10 to 30 fold greater. This increased sedimentation corresponds to a shift in wetland trophic state from submerged macrophytes in clear waters to phytoplankton-dominated, turbid systems. There is evidence for a decline in sedimentation in some natural wetlands after river regulation from the 1920s, but with the maintenance of the phytoplankton state. Fossil diatom assemblages reveal that, while some wetlands had saline episodes before settlement, others became saline after, and as early as the 1880s. The oxidation of sulphurous salts deposited after regulation has induced hyperacidity in a number of wetlands in recent years. While these wetlands are rightly perceived as being heavily impacted, other, once open water systems, that have infilled and now support rich macrophyte beds, are used as interpretive sites. The rate of filling, however, suggests that the lifespan of these wetlands is short. The rate of wetland loss through such increased infilling is unlikely to be matched by future scouring as regulation has eliminated middle order floods from the lower catchment. U http://www.cig.ensmp ? 4 Jones, B.G.
Killian, H.E.
Chenhall, B.E.
Sloss, C.R. 2003g Anthropogenic Effects in a Coastal Lagoon: Geochemical Characterization of Burrill Lake, NSW, Australia 621-632 Journal of Coastal Research 19 3_ Burrill Lake, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, sediment modelling. Burrill Lake, a small coastal lagoon on the south coast of New South Wales, developed as an impounded drowned river valley following the post-glacial marine transgression. Marine sand fills the entrance to the lagoon whereas the back-barrier basin has accumulated organic-rich mud and sandy bayhead deltas. The bilobate form of the estuary coincides with two different catchment lithologies and land use patterns. The northern lobe drains an agricultural catchment and has a much larger bayhead delta than the southern lobe that drains natural and state forest.
Sedimentation rates within the muddy lagoonal deposits are about 1.7 mm/yr. The distributions of sediment-bound trace elements within the bottom sediments in Burrill Lake show strong positive correlations with the amount of fine-grained muddy sediment and organic matter preserved in the strongly reduced, deeper portions of the lagoon. Most of the trace elements reflect the composition of their source lithologies rather than pollution. A clear southward decrease in abundance is apparent for trace elements (e.g. Ce, La) that have raised values in the Milton Monzonite compared to the Snapper Point Formation.
The main anthropogenic influence is the increased rate of sedimentation in the bayhead delta and the increased quantities of monzonite-derived trace elements that reflect preferential land clearing on the monzonite for agriculture in the last 150 years. Anthropogenically introduced heavy metals (Zn, Pb and possibly Cu) are minor, widely dispersed and concentrated in the reduced mud-dominated sediment.
f http://apt.allenpress.com/aptonline/?request=get-abstract&issn=0749-0208&volume=019&issue=03&page=0621J? Hancock, G.J.
Hunter, J.R. 1999x Use of excess 210Pb and 228Th to estimate rates of sediment accumulation and bioturbation in Port Phillip Bay, Australia 533-545 Marine and Freshwater Research 50 6H Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, VIC, 210Pb dating, sediment modelling, Ra/Th Rates of sediment accumulation, sediment mixing and depositional particle fluxes were estimated by use of excess 210Pb and 228Th. In central Port Phillip Bay, there was a rapidly mixed surface layer and two layers of different mixing rates at 2–20 cm and 21–45 cm depths. When the sediment profiles of excess 210Pb and 228Th were combined and diffusive mixing was assumed, the sediment accumulation rate in the 2–20 cm layer was constrained to be <0.15 cm year–1. The mixing coefficient in the 2–20 cm layer was 5.0 ± 0.1 cm2 year–1. Hence, mixing rather than sedimentation governs the distribution of 210Pb and 228Th in the surficial 20 cm. Below 20 cm, the different mixing regime may be due to the dominance of deposit-feeders at these depths. Evidence for bioturbation to a depth of 50 cm was obtained from profiles of excess 210Pb and 228Ra deficiency. The mean residence time of particles in the central bay water column was 10 ± 2 days (a normalized depositional particle flux of 0.16 ± 0.02 g cm–2 year–1). This flux is three times the upper estimate of the sediment accumulation rate, indicating that most of the suspended particulate matter in the water column is resuspended bottom sediment.5 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/126/paper/MF98053.htm Full text doi:10.1071/MF98053 ? Z U Radke, L.C.
Prosser, I.
Robb, M.
Brooke, B.
Fredericks, D.
Douglas, G.B.
Skemstad, J. 2004 The relationship between sediment and water quality, and riverine sediment loads in the wave-dominated estuaries of south-west Western Australia 581–596 Marine and Freshwater Research 55 6 Hamersley Inlet, Oldfield, Irwin Inlet, Walpole, Wilson Inlet, Gordon Inlet, Torbay Inlet, Hardy Inlet, Wellstead Inlet, Beaufort Inlet, Swan-Canning Estuary, Parry Inlet, Western Australia, WA, 210Pb dating, geochemistry, stable isotopes, grain size We examine surface sediment and water column total nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations for 12 estuaries with average water depths <4 m, and calculated sediment loads ranging from 0.2 to 10.8 kg m-2 year-1. Sediment total nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon concentrations vary inversely with sediment loads due to: (i) the influx of more mineral-rich sediment into the estuaries; and (ii) increasing sediment sulfidation. Sediment total organic carbon (TOC) : total sulfur (TS) and TS : Fe(II) ratios correlated to sediment loads because enhanced sedimentation increases burial, hence the importance of sulfate reduction in organic matter degradation. Curvilinear relationships were found between a weathering index and organic matter δ13C in sediment, and sediment load. The rising phase of the curve (increasing weathering, lighter isotopic values) at low to intermediate loads relates to soil erosion, whereas regolith or bedrock erosion probably explains the declining phase of the curve (decreasing weathering, heavier isotopic values) at higher sediment loads. The pattern of change for water column total nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) with sediment loads is similar to that of the weathering index. Most water quality problems occur in association with soil erosion, and at sediment loads that are intermediate for the estuaries studied. Limited evidence is presented that flushing can moderate the impact of sediment loads upon the estuaries.
http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MF04044.htm
http://www.publish.csiro.au/view/journals/dsp_journal_fulltext.cfm?nid=126&f=MF04044 Full text DOI: 10.1071/MF04044 ? ( Pfitzner, J.
Brunskill, G.
Zagorskis, I. 2004 137Cs and excess 210Pb deposition patterns in estuarine and marine sediment in the central region of the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon, north-eastern Australia 81-102& Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 76L Great Barrier Reef, Burdekin River, Queensland, QLD, 210Pb dating, Cs dating This paper focuses on the distribution of 137Cs and 210Pbxs in 51 estuarine and marine sediment cores collected between the Upstart Bay and Rockingham Bay in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon, north-eastern Australia. Historical records of 210Pbxs and 137Cs atmospheric deposition and present day terrestrial inventories in north-eastern Australia are presented. 210Pbxs and 137Cs fluxes measured on suspended sediments in the Burdekin River are considered to be a source of recent inputs of these nuclides to the nearshore region of this part of the Great Barrier Reef. Direct correlations between sediment nuclide inventories, maximum detectable depths, and sediment mass accumulation rates (MARs), calculated using both 137Cs and 210Pbxs, are explored. In relation to inventories of 210Pbxs, 60% of atmospheric fallout 137Cs appears to be missing from the sediments. The reasons for these differences in two tracers, primarily of atmospheric origin, are discussed in terms of the geochemical properties of these two nuclides. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that the 137Cs distribution in these cores can be a useful independent tracer which provides confirmation of MARs calculated from the decay of 210Pbxs.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VB2-4CDS29C-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2004&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235914%232004%23999239998%23509991%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5914&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=6dde83c69f8cd892bee2e77244d47599# doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.03.020 ? [ Peters, G.M.
Maher, W.A.
Jolley, D.
Carroll, B.I.
Gomes, V.G.
Jenkinson, A.V.
McOrist, G.D. 1999] Selenium contamination, redistribution and remobilisation in sediments of Lake Macquarie, NSW 1287-1300 Organic Geochemistry 30U Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, INAA, neutron activation analysis This paper examines the history of selenium pollution in Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia, and three factors that may affect the redistribution and remobilisation of particle bound selenium: changes in redox state, bioturbation, and bioaccumulation by macrobenthos and bacteria. Sediment cores were taken from Nords Wharf, a relatively unpolluted area, and from Mannering Bay near the Vales Point coal-fired power station. The age profile at the unpolluted site seems to indicate that mild selenium pollution has been occurring for over 100 years, however, some mixing of the sediments has occurred. At the polluted site, the age profile indicated that major contamination has occurred in the last 30 years, due to a fly ash dam associated with nearby electric power generation facilities. The contamination chronology suggests that remobilisation and reduction processes have affected the selenium profile.
Changing the redox state of Lake Macquarie sediment results in a release of selenium under oxidising conditions and immobilisation under reducing conditions. The sediment-bound selenium was associated with the operationally defined ‘organic/sulfide’ fraction under reducing conditions, and as the redox potential increases this moves into the ‘exchangeable’ and ‘iron/manganese oxyhydroxide’ phases to a limited extent. Bioturbation by the animals Marphysa sanguinea and Spisula trigonella caused increases in the redox potential and pore water selenium concentrations in surficial sediments relative to unbioturbated controls. Both animals accumulated significantly more selenium when exposed to contaminated sediment than when exposed to uncontaminated control sediments.
Selenium concentrations in molluscs from Mannering Bay were all significantly higher than those collected from Nords Wharf. Most of the selenium in the mollusc tissues was found to be associated with the protein fraction. Selenium isolated from hydrolysed muscle tissue was not present as selenate or selenite but as selenomethionine and an unidentified compound.
Seven types of bacteria were isolated from Lake Macquarie sediment. All seven isolates were able to transform selenite quantitatively to elemental selenium as evidenced by a red precipitate and identified by X-ray diffraction. Six isolates grew on media containing selenate but no elemental selenium was formed. Mass balances showed that for three isolates total selenium was conserved, selenate decreased and selenium (0; II-) increased indicating the production of non-volatile organic selenium compounds. For two isolates both total selenium and selenate decreased with no increase in selenium (0; II-), therefore, loss of selenium occurred from the media.
Selenium is immobile in anoxic reduced sediments but may become available to benthos and fish as a consequence of sediment oxidation associated with bioturbation leading to bioaccumulation and transformation by macrobenthos and bacteria. These mechanisms can be invoked as possible transport pathways to explain the presence of selenium above background concentrations in preindustrial sediments, but further work dating the sediments in which elevated concentrations of selenium are found is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V7P-3XRY6J1-7&_user=554534&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F1999&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235848%231999%23999699989%23138238%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5848&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=11&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=99661f90ca2b14289df49b394f699816# doi:10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00102-3 Nh? 0 Walker, D.
Head, M.J.
Hancock, G.J.
Murray, A.S. 2000 Establishing a chronology for the last 1000 years of laminated sediment accumulation at Lake Barrine, a tropical upland maar lake, northeastern Australia 415-427 The Holocene 10 4 Lake Barrine, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, QLD, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, radiocarbon dating, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Radiocarbon dates from the uppermost 115 cm of laminated mud beneath the centre of a small crater lake are affected by the residence-time in the marginal shallows of the organic detritus which, after transport to deep water, forms alternate layers in the sediment column. The delay is estimated from radiocarbon ages of source materials, trapped seston and the upper levels of the sediment column based on the 'post-bomb' atmospheric radiocarbon flux. The 'contaminating' component does not reside uniquely in any specific fraction of mud sample, defined by alkali solubility and particle size, but os generally associated with the detrital layers. The lead-210 method, together with proxy indications from charcoal, exotic Solanum pollen and meteorological correlations, effectively replace radiocarbon for the dating of the sediment column from AD 1987 back to 1965. Beyond that, the selection of the youngest radiocarbon age from those in each of eight depth intervals leads to an acceptable estimate of accumulation rate to AD 1060.[ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=791264841&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=20870&RQT=309&VName=PQD doi 10.1191/09B? 6 Wasson, R. J.
Clark, R. L.
Nanninga, P. M.
Waters, J. 1987B 210Pb as a chronometer and tracer, Burrinjuck Reservoir, Australia 399 - 414% Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 12 4r Burrinjuck Reservoir, New South Wales, NSW, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, grain size, LOI, pollen, palynology, charcoal ? J Gerritse, R. G.
Hernandez, F.
Murray, A. S.
Wallbrink, P. J.
Brunskill, G. 1995 Distribution of Organochlorines, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Phosphorus and 137Cs in Sediment Profiles from Ellen Brook in Western Australia 843-851 Marine and Freshwater Research 46 5z Ellen Brook, Swan River, Western Australia, WA, 210Pb dating, Cs dating, organochlorines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Profile distributions are compared of organochlorines (OCs), unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phosphorus and 137Cs and 210Pb in sediment cores from Ellen Brook, a tributary of the Swan River in Western Australia. Distributions and concentrations of OCs, phosphorus and 137Cs clearly reflect changes in their inputs to the catchment over time, whereas the distribution and concentration of PAHs in sediments is more difficult to relate to catchment inputs. A comparison of areal concentrations of 137Cs, OCS and PAHs - calculated from concentrations in sediment profiles from Ellen Brook - suggests that 137Cs and OCs trace similar soil materials, whereas PAHs behave differently.
7 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/126/paper/MF9950843.htm Full text doi:10.1071/MF9950843 $ ? T McMinn, A.
Hallegraeff, G.
Roberts, J.
Smith, J.
Lovell, A.
Jenkinson, A.
Heijnis, H 2001M Recent introduction of Gymnodinium catenatum to Port Lincoln, South Australia 477-480 Harmful Algal Blooms 2000@ Port Lincoln, South Australia, SA, 210Pb dating, dinoflagellates:? 2 McMinn, A .
Heijnis, H.
Murray, A.
Hallegraeff, G. 2004 Diatom and dinoflagellate assemblages of the Hawkesbury River, NSW, over the last two centuries: evidence for changes in hydrology 505-514
Alcheringa 28O Hawkesbury Valley, New South Wales, NSW, diatoms, dinoflagellates, 210Pb dating ? Joyce, E.B. 1989T Morwell Swamp, Latrobe Valley, Victoria, VIC, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating- No additional reference information available ?
Becker, C. Sydney University of New South Wales< Big Dam Marsh, Ben Lomond, Tasmania, TAS, pollen, palynology PhD- No additional reference information available ? Hastings 2000 Sydney University of New South WalesY Jibbon Hill Swamp, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology Honours* No further reference information available ?
Chalson, J.M. 1983 Sydney University of New South WalesU Jibbon Lagoon, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology Honours ? Clark 1997w Lake Couridjah, Thirlmere Lakes, Blue Mountains, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology Honours* No further reference information available ? Leech 2002 Sydney University of New South Walesh Gooches Crater, Newnes Plateau, Blue Mountains, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Honours ? Mason 2004 Sydney University of New South WalesW Kings Waterhole, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire, Sydney Basin Honours* No further reference information available h ? Mooney, S.D.
Maltby, E.L. 2006w Two proxy records revealing the late Holocene fire history at a site on the central coast of New South Wales, Australia 682-695 Austral Ecology 31 6a Worimi Swamp, coastal, Myall Lakes, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire, LOI, radiocarbon datinge The local fire history of a coastal swamp catchment in New South Wales was reconstructed using two proxy records of fire: sedimentary macroscopic charcoal and fire-scar analyses of Xanthorrhoea johnsonii. The charcoal analysis provided a record of fire activity spanning the last 2800 years, while the Xanthorrhoea record covered the last approx. 300 years. The ability of each method to accurately record fire events was verified by cross referencing against the recent (post 1968) historic fire record. Fire history was then extrapolated beyond the historic record, to reveal an unprecedented level of fire activity in the last 35 years, which coincides with increased human activity in the area. In the prehistoric period charcoal and fire scars are comparatively rare, which is most parsimoniously ascribed to little fire activity, but perhaps represents skilful fire manipulation, as is often attributed to Aboriginal people. The comparatively minor fluctuations in macroscopic charcoal during the prehistoric period were approximately coeval with previous evidence of late Holocene environmental change in south-eastern Australia, suggesting that fire frequency at the site responded to climatic variability. The longer temporal perspective of this palaeoenvironmental approach provides information for the contemporary management of fire in this conservation reserve. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/aec/2006/00000031/00000006/art00002?crawler=true
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01594.x% DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01594.x ? Webb 2004 Sydney University of New South Walesd Griffith Swamp, Queens Swamp, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology, charcoal, fire Honours* No further reference information available D? Williams, N.J. 2005g The environmental reconstruction of the last glacial cycle at Redhead Lagoon, coastal eastern Australia School of Geosciences Sydney University of Sydney Redhead Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, sediment modelling, other dating, Cs dating, coastal, AMS, radiocarbon dating, OSL dating, charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, TOC, sediment modelling, magnetic susceptibility PhD This project reconstructs environmental and vegetation change during the last glacial cycle at Redhead Lagoon, an enclosed lake basin in coastal, eastern NSW. The possible impacts of both climate change and human activities are examined, particularly in terms of their influence on changes in sediment accumulation rates and both the vegetation and fire histories. Some of the laboratory techniques being used include: pollen and charcoal analysis; organic carbon determination; sedimentation rate calculation; magnetic mineral analysis; and a detailed dating programme (AMS radiocarbon and OSL dating techniques). The information obtained from this study will add to the small number of existing records of environmental change during this period in Australia.
The age dating results indicate that the environmental record presented in this thesis extends over 80 000 years, providing some of the oldest optically stimulated luminescence dates for non-glaciated lacustrine sediments in Australia. Periods of accelerated sedimentation have been identified throughout this sequence. Pollen analysis has identified broad patterns of vegetation change, including the timing of expansions and possible extinctions of particular vegetation types in this region. Finally, two methods of charcoal counting (macro and micro) have revealed dramatic fluctuations in the fire history at this site and potential causes of these changes (i.e. human burning patterns, climate etc.) are discussed.? http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/about/people/pgrads/williams.html* No further reference information available ? Robbie 1998 Sydney University of New South Wales5 Mountain Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire Honours* No further reference information available ? Horne 2005 Sydney University of New South WalesP Grey Pole Swamp, Broughton Island, coastal, New South Wales, NSW, charcoal, fire Honours* No further reference information available ? Groves 2001 Perth University of Western Australia6 Rottnest Island, Western Australia, WA, charcoal, fire Honours* No further reference information available - daeolimnology, diatoms, charcoal, fire, pollen ; ? CM Lane 2004 The use of diatoms as biol ? Pittock 1989 Melbourne Monash University* Poley Creek, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire Honours* No further reference information available ?
Kodela, P. G. 1996 Sydney University of New South Wales_ Wingecarribee Swamp, Wildes Meadow Swamp, South Coast, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, palynology PhD* No further reference information available ? Elizabeth J. Pickett
Sandy P. Harrison
Geoff Hope
Kate Harle
John R. Dodson
A. Peter Kershaw
I. Colin Prentice
John Backhouse
Eric A. Colhoun
Donna D'Costa
John Flenley
John Grindrod
Simon Haberle
Cleve Hassell
Christine Kenyon
Mike Macphail
Helene Martin
Anthony H. Martin
Merna McKenzie
Jane C. Newsome
Daniel Penny
Jocelyn Powell
J. Ian Raine
Wendy Southern
Janelle Stevenson
Jean-Pierre Sutra
Ian Thomas
van der Kaars, Sander
Jerome Ward 2004 Pollen-based reconstructions of biome distributions for Australia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific (SEAPAC region) at 0, 6000 and 18,000 14C yr BP 1381-1444 Journal of Biogeography 31 9k Pollen, palynology, Snowy Mountains, Monaro Tablelands, New South Wales, NSW, Victoria, VIC, charcoal, fire~ Aim This paper documents reconstructions of the vegetation patterns in Australia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific (SEAPAC region) in the mid-Holocene and at the last glacial maximum (LGM).
Methods Vegetation patterns were reconstructed from pollen data using an objective biomization scheme based on plant functional types. The biomization scheme was first tested using 535 modern pollen samples from 377 sites, and then applied unchanged to fossil pollen samples dating to 6000 ± 500 or 18,000 ± 1000 14C yr bp.
Results 1. Tests using surface pollen sample sites showed that the biomization scheme is capable of reproducing the modern broad-scale patterns of vegetation distribution. The north–south gradient in temperature, reflected in transitions from cool evergreen needleleaf forest in the extreme south through temperate rain forest or wet sclerophyll forest (WSFW) and into tropical forests, is well reconstructed. The transitions from xerophytic through sclerophyll woodlands and open forests to closed-canopy forests, which reflect the gradient in plant available moisture from the continental interior towards the coast, are reconstructed with less geographical precision but nevertheless the broad-scale pattern emerges. 2. Differences between the modern and mid-Holocene vegetation patterns in mainland Australia are comparatively small and reflect changes in moisture availability rather than temperature. In south-eastern Australia some sites show a shift towards more moisture-stressed vegetation in the mid-Holocene with xerophytic woods/scrub and temperate sclerophyll woodland and shrubland at sites characterized today by WSFW or warm-temperate rain forest (WTRF). However, sites in the Snowy Mountains, on the Southern Tablelands and east of the Great Dividing Range have more moisture-demanding vegetation in the mid-Holocene than today. South-western Australia was slightly drier than today. The single site in north-western Australia also shows conditions drier than today in the mid-Holocene. Changes in the tropics are also comparatively small, but the presence of WTRF and tropical deciduous broadleaf forest and woodland in the mid-Holocene, in sites occupied today by cool-temperate rain forest, indicate warmer conditions. 3. Expansion of xerophytic vegetation in the south and tropical deciduous broadleaf forest and woodland in the north indicate drier conditions across mainland Australia at the LGM. None of these changes are informative about the degree of cooling. However the evidence from the tropics, showing lowering of the treeline and forest belts, indicates that conditions were between 1 and 9 °C (depending on elevation) colder. The encroachment of tropical deciduous broadleaf forest and woodland into lowland evergreen broadleaf forest implies greater aridity.
Main conclusions This study provides the first continental-scale reconstruction of mid-Holocene and LGM vegetation patterns from Australia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific (SEAPAC region) using an objective biomization scheme. These data will provide a benchmark for evaluation of palaeoclimate simulations within the framework of the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project.
J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01001.x& doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01001.x
v>? ; Magee, J. W.
Bowler, J. M.
Miller, G. H.
Williams, D. L. G. 1995 Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Chronology and Paleohydrology of Quaternary Lacustrine Deposits at Madigan Gulf, Lake Eyre, South Australia 3-42/ Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 113 1h OSL; Lake Eyre, charophytes, South Australia, Tirari Desert, SA, TL dating, amino acid racemisation, AAR Jan Madigan Gulf is a large bay at the southern end of Lake Eyre North, a major ephemerally flooded playa in arid central Australia at the southwestern margin of a vast (1,300,000 km(2)) internal drainage basin. The stratigraphy and chronology of the Quaternary sequence in the gulf is described from 8 cores and a cliff exposure at the gulf margin. A number of depositional environments are recognised and their distinctive sedimentary components are described. Facies recognised include deep- and shallow-water lacustrine environments, dominated by surface-water processes, and dry or ephemerally flooded playa environments dominated by groundwater-controlled processes. Sedimentary components include terrigenous clastics from river inflow and shoreline erosion, carbonates of detrital, inorganic or biological origin and gypsum and halite evaporites. Carbonates and gypsum evaporites, precipitated within the basin, are frequently reworked as elastic components. The establishment of a preliminary chronology for the sequence, by the application of thermoluminescence, uranium/thorium disequilibrium, amino acid racemization and radiocarbon dating techniques, has allowed a reconstruction of the last 130 ka of Lake Eyre palaeohydrology. The wettest phase occurred during the last interglacial (early in oxygen isotope stage 5) when an enlarged Lake Lyre was up to 25 m deep. Subsequently there has been a number of dry periods separating successively less effective wet phases culminating in the deposition of a substantial halite salt crust around the time of the glacial maximum. The dry interludes are characterised by deflation of salts and sediment from the basin, a process controlled by lowering of the watertable. The record from Madigan Gulf demonstrates the dramatic and repetitive impact of lake deflation on the Quaternary record of Lake Eyre. In the early Holocene a minor, but mostly perennial, lacustrine event was terminated at about 3-4 ka when the modern ephemeral playa regime was established. The major catchment of Lake Eyre is located in the monsoon-watered areas of northern Australia. As demonstrated by large floodings of the modern ephemeral regime, major lacustrine episodes must indicate enhanced monsoon precipitation in northern Australia. In the Holocene the lake has not risen to levels achieved during the early stage 5 lacustral phase, indicating: a marked reduction in the effectiveness of the monsoon in the present interglacial by comparison with its predecessor ://A1995QG59000002 Times Cited: 37
QG590
PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCLIMATOL,hons,filing cabinet (chron-strz-simp), PDF/chron/strzsimp
doi:10.1016/0031-0182(95)00060-Y % Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. ISI:A1995QG59000002C AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RSPAS,DIV ARCHAEOL & NAT HIST,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA UNIV MELBOURNE,DEPT GEOL,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA UNIV COLORADO,INSTAAR,CTR GEOCHRONOL RES,BOULDER,CO 80309 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309
MAGEE JW AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RSPAS,DIV ARCHAEOL & NAT HIST,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V6R-3XWRS8V-1N-1&_cdi=5821&_user=554534&_orig=browse&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F1995&_sk=998869998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzb-zSkWA&md5=30443631ecc6acf199a8b422433375a4&ie=/sdarticle.pdf ? * Allan R. Chivas
Adriana García
van der Kaars, Sander
Martine J. J. Couapel
Sabine Holt
Jessica M. Reeves
David J. Wheeler
Adam D. Switzer
Colin V. Murray-Wallace
Debabrata Banerjee
David M. Price
Sue X. Wang
Grant Pearson
N. Terry Edgar
Luc Beaufort
De Deckker, Patrick
Ewan Lawson
C. Blaine Cecil 2001Z Sea-level and environmental changes since the Last Interglacial in the Gulf of Carpentaria 19-46 Quaternary International 83-85 Gulf of Carpentaria, coastal, Northern Territory, NT, Queensland, Qld, charophytes, amino acid racemisation, aar, radiocarbon dating Abstract
The Gulf of Carpentaria is an epicontinental sea (maximum depth 70 m) between Australia and New Guinea, bordered to the east by Torres Strait (currently 12 m deep) and to the west by the Arafura Sill (53 m below present sea level). Throughout the Quaternary, during times of low sea-level, the Gulf was separated from the open waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, forming Lake Carpentaria, an isolation basin, perched above contemporaneous sea-level with outlet channels to the Arafura Sea. A preliminary interpretation is presented of the palaeoenvironments recorded in six sediment cores collected by the IMAGES program in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The longest core (approx. 15 m) spans the past 130 ka and includes a record of sea-level/lake-level changes, with particular complexity between 80 and 40 ka when sea-level repeatedly breached and withdrew from Gulf/Lake Carpentaria. Evidence from biotic remains (foraminifers, ostracods, pollen), sedimentology and geochemistry clearly identifies a final marine transgression at about 9.7 ka (radiocarbon years). Before this transgression, Lake Carpentaria was surrounded by grassland, was near full, and may have had a surface area approaching 600 km×300 km and a depth of about 15 m. The earlier rise in sea-level which accompanied the Marine Isotopic Stage 6/5 transgression at about 130 ka is constrained by sedimentological and biotic evidence and dated by optical- and thermoluminescence and amino acid racemisation methods.
l http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGS-43X7KNP-4&_user=554534&_coverDate=09%2F11%2F2001&_rdoc=4&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236046%232001%23999149999%23263189%23FLA%23display%23Volumes)&_cdi=6046&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=21&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=30fb47edb0fa0a1a412a909bebe64a95# doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00029-5 O? 8 García, A.
Jones, B.G.
Chenhall, B.E.
Murray-Wallace, C 2002W Charophytes as environmental indicators: a Holocene example from Tom Thumbs Lagoon, NSW 507-518
Alcheringa 264 Tom Thumbs Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, charophytesR Proofs can be ordered from http://www.es.mq.edu.au/MUCEP/aap/alcheringa/proofs.htm *? García, A.
Chivas, A.R. 2004 The euryhaline genus Lamprothamnium (Charales, Charophyta) from Australia: statistical analyses and application to paleoenvironmental reconstruction 321-341 Journal of Paleolimnology 31 3 Tom Thumbs Lagoon, New South Wales, NSW, Williams Point, Lake Eyre, Tirari Desert, South Australia, SA, charophytes, amino acid racemisation, AAR Charophytes are very common in Australian modern and Quaternary waterbodies, and are quite commonly incorrectly reported as “Chara” sp. or Lamprothamnium papulosum (Wallroth) Groves. This paper is the first attempt at the identification of the widespread euryhaline genus Lamprothamnium in Australia, and its use as a paleoenvironmental indicator. Lamprothamnium is distributed worldwide in all continents, except north and central America. The Australian environment, characterized by increasing aridity during the last 500 ka, has an abundance of saline lakes. We sampled 30 modern lakes and identified extant Lamprothamnium macropogon (A. Braun) Ophel and Lamprothamnium succinctum (A. Braun in Ascherson) Wood. Fossil gyrogonites, from lacustrine sediments ∼65 ka old from Madigan Gulf, Lake Eyre, were identified as Lamprothamnium williamsii sp. nov. We applied statistical analysis (analysis of variance, ANOVA) to the morphometry of the gyrogonites from one fossil and three living Lamprothamnium populations. The ANOVA test suggests all the populations are different, including two separate populations of extant L. macropogon, interpreted in this case as the expression of ecophenotypic variability. Lamprothamnium is a useful paleoenvironmental indicator because it indicates a non-marine environment with varying salinity ranging from fresh (usually 2–3 g l−1) to 70 g l−1, and water bodies holding water for at least 70 consecutive days. Collectively, these parameters provide important information in the study of ephemeral habitats.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/h5733k315q211m8h/?p=31689bc102d644a2a89c30a828e86102&pi=3' DOI 10.1023/B:JOPL.0000021725.32489.bd ` ? García, A.
Chivas, A.R. 2006P Diversity and ecology of extant and Quaternary Australian charophytes (Charales) 323-340 Cryptogamie Algologie 27 4 Gulf of Carpentaria, coastal, Northern Territory, NT, Queensland, Qld, charophytes, amino acid racemisation, aar, radiocarbon dating+ No longer available online through Elsevierc N?
Hancock, G.
Pietsch, T. 2006F Sedimentation in the Gippsland Lakes as determined from sediment cores Canberra) CSIRO Land and Water Science Report 40/06z Lake Wellington, Lake Victoria, Lake King, Gippsland, Victoria, VIC, coastal, sediment modelling, 210Pb dating, OSL dating= http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/science/2006/sr4 ? 0 Vyverman, W.
Vyverman, R.
Hodgson, D.
Tyler P.A. 1995 Diatoms from Tasmanian mountain lakes: A reference data-set (TASDIAT) for environmental reconstruction and a systematic and autecological study 1-193 Bibliotheca Diatomologica 33 Tasmania, diatoms, Tas
Review: Acta Bot. Hung. 40, 1996/97
This volume of the excellent book series is focused on diatom flora of Tasmanian highland area, comprised diatom records from 76 Tasmanian mountain lakes. The aims of the book is mentioned by authors in the introduction. Diatoms are widely used in the northern hemisphere as indicators of present and past environmental conditions and have become an integral part of biomonitoring programs. Central this studies is the development of reference data-sets and the construction of inference models for specific environmental characteristics, e. g. pH, total phosphorus, salinity. Authors think that diatom flora of these lakes can well characterise different environmental factors, because of ranging from highly acid, dystrophic lakes to ultraoligotrophic, clearwater lakes. Most of the lakeland isprotected, with marked terrestrial and aquatic ecological gradients. It offers the ideal, pristine environment in which to study the relationships between the distribution of diatoms and limnological, climatic, pedagogical and geological gradients and/or discontinuities. Description of the study area follows by materials and methods. The chapter "results" starts with the principal component analysis of chemical variables of the lakes. The autecology of species is calculated by weighted averaging regression to estimate of individual species' optima and tolerances. In the taxonomical chapter of the book 280 taxa of 35 genera are discussed. A lot of them are widely distributed in lakes and river of each continent. We can find the enumeration of recent reference of each taxon, their light- and/or electronmicrographs, it synonymy, morphology, distribution and ecology. In several cases the morphological characterisation of the taxon is very short, in other cases really detailed. The ecological characterisation of taxa re poor or seems to similar with distribution. Sometimes species is mentioned, e. g. "occasional in mesotrophic lake" but usually, e. g. "only observed in Lake Curly". So the ecological data are not really useful and difficult to understand why authors mentioned it at every taxon. We can find misdeterminations (on Plate 2, Fig. 1 seems not to be Cyclotella Meneghiniana by the frequency of marginal fultoportulae, or on Plate 16, Fig. 1 seems to belong to Cyclotella stelligera and not to C. pseudostelligera), but they do not reduce the value of the book. It is well-illustrated, on 42 plates more than 400 LM or SEM micrographs are presented. We can recommend this monograph showing the diatom flora of an interesting area, to algologists, applied hydrobiologists and also for basic systematic work and university education. This book is useful for all specialists working with diatoms of lakes and rivers. K. T. Kiss Acta Bot. Hung. 40, 1996/97 H http://www.schweizerbart.de/pubs/isbn/bo/bibldiatom-3443570240-desc.html ISBN 978-3-443-57024-8 paperback 8 ? # Walsh, R.G.J.
Vyverman, W.
Tyler P. 1995J Reconnaissance Limnology of Tasmania. III. Coastal lagoons of Bruny Island 247-260 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 136 2> Bruny Island, Tasmania, Tas, coastal, palaeolimnology, diatoms? Publication now also known as Fundamental and Applied Limnology ? Ling, H.
Tyler, P. 1995/ The Staurastrum Tohopekaligense Species Cluster 27-60 Algological Studies 76 Algae? 6 Vyverman, W.
Vyverman, R.
Tyler, P. A.
Rajendran, V.S. 1996 Distribution of benthic diatom assemblages in Tasmanian highland lakes and their possible use as indicators of environmental changes 493-5082 Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53' Tasmania, diatoms, Tas, palaeolimnology http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?_handler_=HandleInitialGet&journal=cjfas&volume=53&calyLang=eng&articleFile=f95-220.pdf oƿ? Vyverman, W. 1996D The Indo-Malaysian North-Australian phycogeographical region revised 107-120 Biogeography of Freshwater Algae 118 Kristiansen, J. Dordrecht and Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers Developments in Hydrobiologyj Book Description
This book is based on a workshop on biogeography of freshwater algae held during the Fifth International Phycological Congress in China 1994. A group of outstanding specialists covering widely different approaches to the subject have been brought together, and this collection of their contributions forms a unique volume: there is no other book on the subject. It thus fills an evident gap in the phycological literature, and will be of major interest to researchers and teachers within phycology, limnology, and evolutionary biology. However, it may also be useful in courses for advanced students. ? # Vyverman, W.
Sabbe, K.
Vyverman, R. 1997F Five new freshwater species of Biremis (Bacillariophyta) from Tasmania 91-102
Phycologia 36' Tasmania, diatoms, Tas, palaeolimnology ? $ Hodgson, D.
Tyler, P.A.
Vyverman, W. 1997x The palaeolimnology of Lake Fidler, a meromictic lake in south-west Tasmania and the significance of recent human impact 313-333 Journal of Paleolimnology 18H Lake Fidler, Tasmania, Tas, palaeolimnology, diatoms, radiocarbon dating Three meromictic lakes in the World Heritage Area of south-west Tasmania possess unusual microbiological communities. Their meromixis is maintained by periodic incursions of brackish water from the nearby Gordon River which, in its lower reaches, is a salt-wedge estuary. In 1977 the construction of a dam in the middle reaches of the river restricted penetration of the salt-wedge and meromixis rapidly declined in all three lakes. A palaeolimnological study was carried out on one of the lakes, Lake Fidler, firstly to determine the history of meromixis and its associated microbiological communities, and secondly to assess whether the recent and rapid decline of meromixis is inconsistent with natural rates of development of the Gordon River meromictic lakes. One part of this study included the analysis of the stratigraphy of fossil diatoms from a 17-metre sediment core dating back 8000 yrs. Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Analog Matching were used to compare diatom species assemblages in core samples with diatom samples from a reference dataset consisting of a selection of lake and river sites in the lower Gordon River valley. Five distinct stratigraphic zones were identified in the core. These zones indicated specific stages in the development of the Gordon River lakes from river backwaters to ectogenically-maintained meromictic lakes which will, finally, become terrestrialised by encroaching rainforest. The onset of a stratified water column was identified by the emergence of a dominant freshwater algal flora which suggested that the lake had developed a mixolimnion and become meromictic ca. 2070 ± 50 14C yrs ago. In the context of this long history of meromixis, the rapid demise in meromictic stability following construction of the dam is judged to be inconsistent with natural rates of development. The palaeolimnological studies, of which this paper is one part, prompt recommendations for a management strategy to prevent the further decay of these meromictic lakes in the World Heritage Area.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/t164575u316n1125/?p=eb16bc17823247999207cd0f85ce196c&pi=0 DOI 10.1023/A:1007995614287 ? $ Hodgson, D.
Vyverman, W.
Tyler, P.A. 1997p Diatoms of meromictic lakes adjacent to the Gordon River, and of the Gordon River estuary in south-west Tasmania 1-173 Bibliotheca Diatomologica 35B Gordon River, Lake Fidler, Tasmania, Tas, diatoms, palaeolimnologyg Review: Acta Botanica Hungarica 42 (1-4), 1999/2000
Planktonic, benthic, and epiphytic samples were collected and their diatom assemblages investigated by the authors from different locations in the lower Gordon River estuary and some adjacent lakes. Two of these lakes are meromictic, one vacillates between meromixis and holomixis, and the last one is holomictic (though might have also been meromictic in the past). As the authors think, these lakes and another one of their sampling sites from the estuary, a back-water, represent different developmental stages of meromictic lakes. The authors used Detrended Correspondance Analysis to ordinate their data; the book presents diagrams showing the grouping of the sample sites and of the found diatom-taxa. In the introduction these results are discussed shortly, and in the taxonomic part a species list is presented, that contains 272 taxa. Taxonomic (e.g. valve dimensions, striae density) and ecological (particularly about salinity tolerance) data are given about them, and also their distribution in the collected samples can be read here. Of the most taxa there is also a light- or electron-micrograph at the end of the book. Besides these floristical data the book also presents the results of the diatom investigations of a 17 m long core extracted from one of the two meromictic lakes. Comparing the found assemblages to those found in their recent samples, they could reconstruct the development of the place from perhaps a channel to a lake and also the occurrence of meromixis.
All in all, the book should be of interest not only for those that investigate Tasmania's diatomflora but also for algologists interested in taxonomy and / or palaeolimnology and anyone else, as the investigated sytem, the estuary and the adjacent lakes, is really interesting and rare.
B. Beszteri
Acta Botanica Hungarica 42 (1-4), 1999/2000
H http://www.schweizerbart.de/pubs/isbn/bo/bibldiatom-3443570267-desc.html ISBN 3-443-57026-7| ? Q Vyverman, W.
Sabbe, K.
Mann, D.
Vyverman, R.
Hodgson, D.
Vanhoutte, K.
Kilroy, C. 1998 Eunophora gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new genus of amphoroid diatoms from Tasmanian highland lakes with close affinities to the genus Eunotia 95-111 European Journal of Phycology 33 Tasmania, diatoms, Tas A new raphid pennate diatom genus, Eunophora, and three new species are described from highland lakes and streams in Tasmania and New Zealand. Eunophora tasmanica and E. indistincta are only found in Tasmania; E. oberonica and a fourth species (Eunophora sp. 1) also occur in New Zealand. The presence of polar rimoportulae in E. tasmanica and E. oberonica, the relatively simple structure and arrangement of the raphe system and the stria pattern indicate that Eunophora belongs to the subclass Eunotiophycidae. However, it differs from the other genera in this subclass in the amphoroid symmetry of the cells, the length of the raphe slits and the non-coaxial internal central raphe endings; also unusual are the position of the raphe on the valve face instead of on the ventral mantle and the presence of many small discoid or band-like chloroplasts. Eunophora may represent a link between the Eunotiophycidae and the amphoroid genera of the Bacillariophycidae. Eunophora is characteristic of dystrophic to (ultra-)oligotrophic lakes and appears to be restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. The four species display a characteristic distribution in Tasmania: Eunophora tasmanica is common and widespread in all highland lakes, E. oberonica occurs mainly in the dystrophic western lakes, while E. indistincta and Eunophora sp. 1 were found mainly in intermediate lakes along the limnological corridor between the western dystrophic lakes and the eastern oligotrophic lakes. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a714029698~db=all~order=page" DOI: 10.1080/09670269810001736593 N <? 7 Hodgson, D.
Vyverman, W.
Chepstow-Lusty, A.
Tyler, P.A. 2000h From rainforest to wasteland in 100 years - The limnological legacy of the Queenstown mines, SW Tasmania 25-36 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 149 1-3d Owen Tarn, Queenstown, Tasmania, Tas, pal, ? $ Sabbe, K.
Vanhoutte, K.
Vyverman, W. 2000u Actinella comperei sp. nov. (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta): a new endemic freshwater diatom from Tasmania (Australia) 237-243# Systematics and Geography of Plants 70 Tasmania, diatoms, Tas* http://www.br.fgov.be/SCIENCE/EDITION/SGP/x ? e Sabbe, K.
Vanhoutte, K.
Lowe, R. L.
Biggs, B. J. F.
Bergey, E.
Francoeur, S.
Hodgson, D.
Vyverman, W. 2001 Six new Actinella (Bacillariophyta) species from Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand: further evidence for widespread diatom endemism in the Australasian region 321-340 European Journal of Phycology 36 4 diatoms Examination of sediment samples from oligo-and dystrophic ponds, lakes and streams in Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand revealed a hitherto unknown diversity of the diatom genus Actinella Lewis. Six new species are proposed, viz. Actinella aotearoaia sp. nov., A. giluwensis sp. nov., A indistincta sp. nov., A. muylaertii sp. nov., A. parva sp. nov. and A. pulchella sp. nov. All species are heteropolar, both in girdle and valve view. Novel information on the genus Actinella includes the observations of two ribbon-shaped, valve-appressed plastids in A. aotearoaia and A. pulchella, and the presence of long mucilage stalks in A. aotearoaia. It is argued that, despite recent proposals to reduce the genera Actinella and Desmogonium Ehrenberg to the rank of subgenera of Eunotia, they should be kept separate until the taxonomic significance of their distinctive morphological features (such as heteropolarity) is fully assessed. The new species appear to be endemic to Australasia and have distinct biogeographies within this region. Except for A. aotearoaia, all species are present in Tasmania; A. indistincta and A. pulchella have also been found in New Zealand (Stewart Island). A. aotearoaia is common in several localities in New Zealand but was also found near Sydney on the Australian mainland. Actinella giluwensis has only been observed in material from Papua New Guinea. The record of A. punctata for the latter country constitutes the first confirmed record for this species outside North America and Europe. The discovery of the new Actinella species again confirms the importance of the Australasian region as a major centre of microalgal biodiversity and endemism. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a714029869~db=all~order=page" DOI: 10.1080/09670260110001735478 F? Vanhoutte, K.
Vyverman, W. 2002R Een paleo-ecologische studie van Lake Dobson en Lake Perry (Tasmanië, Australië) Diatomededelingen 26@ Lake Dobson, Lake Perry, Tasmania, Tas, diatoms, palaeolimnology In Dutch ? G Vanhoutte, K
Verleyen, E.
Sabbe, K.
Kilroy, C.
Sterken, M.
Vyverman, W. 2006i Congruence and disparity in benthic diatom community structure of small lakes in New Zealand and Tasmania 789-801 Marine and Freshwater Research 57 8 Tasmania, diatoms, Tasg The ecological characteristics of benthic diatom genera from lakes and tarns in mountainous areas of Tasmania (76 lakes) and the South Island (65 lakes) and Stewart Island (6 lakes) of New Zealand were investigated. Community composition and diversity were mainly governed by gradients in calcium, pH and the monovalent/divalent ionic (M/D) ratio, with typical acidophilous and calciphilous communities present in both regions. Highest genus diversity occurred in the pH range between 5.5 and 7.5. Marked interregional differences were present in both calciphilous and acidophilous diatom community assemblages, which were at least partially related to variations in the concentration of the chloride, sodium, potassium and humic substances. Acidophilous communities in New Zealand were typically dominated by Frustulia, Brachysira and Kobayasiella, whereas Eunotia and Actinella dominated in Tasmania. Calciphilous communities in New Zealand were characterised by higher relative abundances of the genera Hantzschia, Diploneis, Nupela, Stauroneis and Synedra, whereas their Tasmanian counterparts were typified by the genera Amphora (subgenus Psammamphora), Biremis, Navicula and Psammothidium. The provinciality of the floras underscores the need for continued protection and conservation of high latitude aquatic ecosystems worldwide and in the Australasian region in particular.
T http://www.publish.csiro.au/view/journals/dsp_journal_fulltext.cfm?nid=126&f=MF06033 doi:10.1071/MF06033 ? # Vyverman, W.
Verleyen, E.
Sabbe, K. 20073 Diversity and Biogeography of Freshwater Microalgae 580-593% The Algae of Australia (Introduction)& Patrick M. McCarthy
Anthony E. Orchard Melbourne CSIRO Publishing ? 0 Vyverman, W.
Muylaert, K.
Verleyen, E.
Sabbe, K. 20079 Ecology of non-marine microalgae - Lakes and large rivers 459-475% The Algae of Australia (Introduction)& Patrick M. McCarthy
Anthony E. Orchard Melbourne CSIRO Publishing#? Maxwell, C.
Tyler, P. 2006| Recolonisation of Lagoon of Islands, Tasmania, by Baumea Arthrophylla: The First Step in Regeneration of a Unique Ecosystem? 31-34, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 140: Lagoon of Islands, Tasmania, Tas, diatoms, palaeolimnology '? Walsh, R.
Shiel, R.
Tyler, P. 2004 Reconnaissance Limnology of Tasmania VIII. Tasmanian Coastal Lagoons - Epicentres of Endemism in the Australian Aquatic Microbiota 67-76, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1380 coastal, Tasmania, diatoms, Tas, palaeolimnology 5? Rolfe, S.
Kew, P.
Tyler, P. 2001 Reconnaissance Limnology of Tasmania VI. Biogeographical Significance of Physicochemical Features of Coastal Lagoons of the Islands of Bass Strait 693-704 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 150 4= Bass Strait, coastal, Tasmania, Tas, diatoms, palaeolimnology*? Walsh, R.
Shiel, R.
Tyler, P. 2001 Reconnaissance Limnology of Tasmania VII. Coastal Lagoons of Bass Strait Islands, with Reference to Endemic Microflora and Microfauna 489-510 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 152 3= Bass Strait, coastal, Tasmania, Tas, diatoms, palaeolimnology ? Tyler, P. 2001+ Lake Pedder - A Limnologist's Lifetime View 51-60@ Proceedings of a Symposium: Lake Pedder - Values and Restoration Tasmania University of Tasmania4 Lake Pedder, Tasmania, Tas, palaeolimnology, diatoms ?
Tyler, P.
Terry, C.
Howland, M. 2001 Gordon River Meromictic Lakes Assessment: Basslink Integrated Impact Assessment Statement - Potential Effects of Changes to Hydro Power Generation Australia Hydro Tasmania5 Gordon River, Tasmania, Tas, diatoms, palaeolimnology ? Ling, H.
Tyler, P. 20002 Australian Freshwater Algae (exclusive of diatoms) 311 Berlin Gebruder Borntraeger algae, palaeolimnology ? Walsh, R.
Tyler, P. 2000 Reconnaissance limnology of Tasmania V. Anthropogenic factors in the distribution of freshwater calanoid copepods (Crustacea: Centropagidae) in Tasmanian lakes 625-638 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 148 2 Tasmania, Tas, copepods ? ) Esteban, G.
Finlay, B.
Olmo, J.
Tyler, P. 2000D Ciliated protozoa from a volcanic crater-lake in Victoria, Australia 159-189 Journal of Natural History 345 Victoria, Vic, Tasmania, Tas, protozoa, soil ciliatesT We have investigated the ciliated protozoa living in the crater-lake of an extinct volcano in Australia. Our principal objective was to discover if such a habitat geographically distant and isolated from Europe (the latter having provided most of the diversity on which ciliate taxonomy is based) could yield species that were unusual, and perhaps new to science. Numerous samples were taken from the superficial layer of lake sediment, and examined fresh in the laboratory. Thereafter, the samples were manipulated to encourage growth of rare and cryptic ciliate species. Eighty-five species of ciliated protozoa were identified. None of these was new, all having been found previously in fresh-or brackish water, sea water, or soil. All, apart from one (Oxytricha salmastra), are already known from Europe. In order to test our ability to discover new ciliate species, we examined a variety of water samples from other lakes, including those known to harbour endemic algae. One new ciliate species (Lembadion curvatum) was discovered in a lake in Western Tasmania. We conclude that the ciliate fauna of Australia is remarkably similar to that in Europe and other parts of the world. This is supported by the example of those 'endemic' ciliate species described in the literature which have, in response to additional sampling, been found elsewhere in the world. M http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713833354~db=all~order=page DOI: 10.1080/002229300299598 ? $ Croome, R.
Kristiansen, J.
Tyler, P. 1998 A Description of Mallomonas Marsupials nov. sp. (Synurophyceae), a new chrysophyte from Australia, with comments on the endemicity of Australian freshwater algae 633-639 Nordic Journal of Botany 18 algae K? + Tyler, P.
Hodgson, D.
Wright, S.
Davies, N. 1998 Analysis of fossil pigments from algae and bacteria in meromictic Lake Fidler, Tasmania, and its application to lake management 1-22 Journal of Paleolimnology 19J Lake Fidler, Gordon River, Tasmania, Tas, algae, palaeolimnology, bacteria
Lake Fidler is an ectogenic meromictic lake with a monimolimnion maintained by periodic incursions of brackish water from the lower Gordon River estuary. A dam across the middle reaches of the Gordon River has restricted these incursions of brackish water and meromictic stability has rapidly declined. A palaeolimnological study was carried in order to assess the historical development of meromixis and the impact of the dam on the microbiological communities in the lake. Fossil pigments in a 17 m sediment core were analysed using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, taphonomic studies of pigment production, deposition and degradation in the water column and surface sediments were used to identify planktonic and benthic pigment degradation processes and constrain the stratigraphic interpretation. Results comparing the pigment composition of pelagic sediment traps and littoral surface sediments indicated that the core from the centre of the lake would permit a historical reconstruction of planktonic bacterial and algal communities. Marked increases in prokaryotic pigments ca 3500 yr B.P. suggested the possible colonisation of a chemocline by phototrophic bacteria. Further changes in chlorophyll: carotenoid ratios and changes in relative abundances of both chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll c derivatives also indicated that a change in the depositional environment had occurred; possibly due to altered stratification or anoxia. From this we infer the onset of either intermittent or permanent meromixis. Further increases in prokaryotic pigment abundance suggested that the present state of permanent meromixis was firmly established by 2070 ±50 14C yr B.P., and diatom analysis confirmed the development of a stable mixolimnion. High resolution studies of the top 10 cm of sediments measured pigments in mean concentrations of 15.1 ng g-1 with a mean S.D. of only 2.78 indicating little change in pigment abundance since the construction of the dam. Thus, Lake Fidler still retains most of the features of meromixis. However, evidence from nearby Lake Morrison and Sulphide Pool has shown that any further declines in meromictic stability will cause a rapid reversion to holomixis. Palaeolimnological evidence from the early stages of meromictic development of Lake Fidler suggests that such reversion to holomixis may not permanently eliminate all the microbiological communities, and that, given time, they may return and prosper with re-establishment of a suitable chemocline. These studies will guide recommendations for a management strategy to prevent the further decay of meromixis in the Gordon River lakes.] http://www.springerlink.com/content/u60l0v8166553808/?p=19d5a6daf36946e5a0986a353a4a7145&pi=0 DOI 10.1023/A:1007909018527 %? Walsh, R.
Tyler, P. 1998 Reconnaissance Limnology of Tasmania IV. The Distribution and Ecological Preferences of Tasmanian Species of Freshwater Calanoid Copepods (Crustacea:Centropagidae) 403-420 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 141( Tasmania, Tas, copepods, palaeolimnology ? Tyler, P. 1996; Three Thousand Years of Running, Jumping and Standing Still 67-803 Sustainable Management of Australia's Inland Waters Mitchell, B.
Day, D. Melbourne Deakin University palaeolimnology ? Hodgson, D.
Tyler, P. 1996g The impact of a hydroelectric dam on the stability of meromictic lakes in southwest Tasmania, Australia 301-323 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 137
Tasmania, Tas'? Tyler, P. 1996b The significance of northeast Tasmania for the biogeography of endemic Australian freshwater algae 133-135E Geography of Northeast Tasmania: Records of the Queen Victoria Museum 103 Tasmania% Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery Tasmania, Tas, algae ƾ? Tyler, P. 1996N Endemism in freshwater algae with specified reference to the Australian region 127-135 Biogeography of Freshwater Algae 336 J. Kristiansen Belgium Kluwer Academic Publishers algae
Hydrobiologia? / Tyler, P.
Sherwood, J.
Magilton, C.
Hodgson, D. 1996m Limnological and Geomorphological Considerations Underlying Pedder 2000 - the Campaign to Restore Lake Pedder 343-361 Archiv für Hydrobiologie 136+ Lake Pedder, Tasmania, Tas, palaeolimnology ? Tyler, P.
Vyverman, W. 1995L The Microbial Marketplace - tradeoffs at the chemocline of meriomictic lakes 325-370! Progress in Phycological Research 11 F. E. Round
D. J. Chapman Biopress Ltd diatoms, Tasmania, Tas ISBN 0-948737-40-9 ߐ? Dimitriadis, S.
P. S. Cranston 2001c An Australian Holocene climate reconstruction using Chironomidae from a tropical volcanic maar lake 109-1311 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 176M Lake Barrine, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Qld, chironomids, macrofossils Holocene sediments from Lake Barrine on the Atherton Tableland in tropical north-east Queensland, Australia (17°15′S, 145°38′E, 721 m asl) reveal 10 assemblage shifts in subfossil aquatic immature Chironomidae remains over the past 9000 years. Using the program CANOCO 3.12 and ordination analyses we examined relationships between the physico-chemistry of multiple local and regional water bodies and their chironomid fauna to assess the relative importance of various environmental and climatic parameters on the distribution of Australian chironomids. To derive palaeoclimates we used an extant assemblage to test reconstructions, over 50 calibrated radiocarbon dates from a 7.5-m sediment record, and the correlative distribution modelling programs DOMAIN and BIOCLIM to construct and overlap climate envelopes of species. In comparison with contemporary climate, reconstructed conditions were warmer annually by 2.5°C from 4650 calendar years before present (cal yr BP) to more recent times. Annual temperatures were slightly cooler between 5130 to 4650 cal yr BP and may have been cooler in the warmest quarter by 6.6°C between 6890 and 6090 cal yr BP. Precipitation estimates, although subject to greater errors, were reconstructed in the wettest quarter to be drier by around 500 mm at 5130–4650 and 6890–6090 cal yr BP. The inferred sensitivity of Chironomidae to climatic and environmental conditions at Lake Barrine suggests that Australian midges are reliable and informative biological indicators. Faunal changes were correlated with fluctuations in water levels, sediment influx, organic material, oxygen availability and nutrient status mediated by changes in the local climate and a shift from dry sclerophyll vegetation to rainforest within the catchment.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-44CNP4V-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F25%2F2001&_rdoc=6&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%232001%23998239998%23280069%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=14&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=87fdf605ec3f7baddccb9361ae68c349" doi:10.1016/D N4?
Walker, D. 1999b Some physical and chemical features of two upland crater lakes in tropical north-eastern Australia 159-177 Marine and Freshwater Research 50g Lake Barrine, Lake Eacham, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating Lakes Barrine and Eacham, ~1.0 and 0.5 km2 area, 67 and 63 m depth respectively, lie at ~740 m a.s.l., ~17°S in north-eastern Australia. Seasonal changes in their volumes modelled from meteorological data correspond well with observations at Eacham. Temperature profiles through 6 years show summer stratification with a metalimnion at 20–30 m; in winter, near isothermy is usually attained. At Barrine, thermal stability varies between winter and summer (<500 and >4000 g-cm cm-2 respectively). Mixing is related to low ground temperatures during periods of generally low thermal stability; exceptionally it penetrates to >60 m. Oxygen saturation decreases from the surface to ~20% at the base of the euphotic zone (15–21 m) but oxygen is carried lower by mixing after which anoxia commonly rises to ~40 m. At Barrine, Fe-reducing redox (<200 mV) usually occurs below 50 m, but during mixing this boundary falls to within 1 m of the mud–water interface. The Barrine solution is dilute (total dissolved solids 55–58 mg L-1), and that of Eacham is more so. A concentrated monimolimnion has developed in the lowermost 2–3 m at Barrine but not at Eacham. Sedimentation at the middle of each lake results from the continuous deposition of open-water products punctuated by the redistribution of coarser detritus from the ‘shallows’ at times of deep mixing. The resultant laminations are preserved only at Barrine, protected by the chemical stability of the monimolimnion.5 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/126/p4 ? Walker, D.
Owen, J.A.K. 1999T The characteristics and source of laminated mud at Lake Barrine, northeast Australia 1597-1624 Quaternary Science Reviews 18W Lake Barrine, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Qld, diatoms, pollen, radiocarbon dating In a small (1 km2) crater lake in the Australian upland tropics (17°15′S, 145°38′E, 721 m a.s.l.), laminated mud has accumulated throughout the past 5 ka. It is limited to a central region below 50–67 m of water where it is protected by a monimolimnion. The contents of the laminae (e.g., total lake products, organic detritus, diatoms, pollen grains, vivianite crystals) distinguish two contrasting types, namely detritus-rich and detritus-poor. Judged against radiocarbon dates over long sequences, these couplets are not annual. Gravimetric, mineralogical and chemical observations on the mud, and on suspended organic and inorganic matter caught through several periods, indicate some diagenetic changes across the mud–water interface. Diatom analyses do not assist in relating mud type to source or period of origin. The most likely mechanism of lamination is that continuous deposition of clay, with small and varied detrital accompaniment, is periodically enhanced by greater detrital input. This occurs in some, but not all, periods of winter isothermy when ground temperatures fall to zero and below on several consecutive nights. This leads to the stirring of sediments in water shallower than 50 m and their relocation in the deeper meromictic zone. Fine variations in, e.g., diatom content, partly independent of lamination type, probably contain a wealth of detail about the lake’s environmental history.
f http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBC-3Y162YC-4&_user=554534&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1999&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235923%231999%23999819985%23145426%23FLT%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5923&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=9&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=9b61312b5b22400c86457cd027261536# doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00119-X
K
? OD? Ogden, R. W. 2000o Modern and historical variation in aquatic macrophyte cover of billabongs associated with catchment development 497-451) Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 16 Hogans Billabong, Toke Billabong, Billabong 9, Billabong 32, Billabong 38, Billabong 21, Billabong 23, Billabong 25, Murray River, Ovens River, New South Wales, NSW, Victoria, VIC, radiocarbon dating, cladocera, macrophyte, macrofossils, pinus, chydoridae Visual estimates of macrophyte cover in Murray and Ovens River billabongs were unrelated to farming and regulation activities, but were positively related to the ratio of Chydoridae to total Cladocera in assemblages of skeletal remains from surface sediments. This ratio (%CHYD) was thus used as a surrogate for macrophyte cover in a palaeoecological analysis. Values of %CHYD were lower in sediments deposited after European settlement than in the pre-settlement parts of sediment cores from three relatively large deep billabongs, and two moderately-sized billabongs, reflecting an historical contraction of the littoral zone in these billabongs. No evidence of a contraction in the littoral macrophyte zone was found in historical records from the two smallest billabongs, although the records were of poorer quality. Visual estimates of macrophyte cover confirmed that macrophytes were generally found in small or shallow billabongs, and that large deep billabongs were macrophyte poor. The timing and spatial pattern of the historical decline in macrophytes implicates an early farming activity as the cause. Control billabongs, at present remote from farming centres, have evidence of historical farm impacts which may explain why visual estimates of macrophyte cover and farming are unrelated. Use of the floodplain by farmers may have declined recently, and the historical pattern of macrophyte cover suggests that a naturally stable state of algal dominance has prevented macrophytes from recolonizing large deep billabongs. Evaluations of the role of billabongs in river-floodplain functioning and river-floodplain management strategies must take into account the historical impacts of farming on macrophyte cover. Methods for assessing billabong health that rely on comparisons of affected and non-affected sites (cf. RIVPACS; Wright, 1995) will not work in this region. Attempts to rehabilitate rivers through environmental flows will fail unless steps are taken to remedy farm impacts. E http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/73501952/ABSTRACT^ Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1002/1099-1646(200009/10)16:5<497::AID-RRR600? Ogden, R.W. 1997y The effects of European settlement on the biodiversity of chydorid Cladocera in billabongs of the south-east Murray Basin 505-511! Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 56 Hogans Billabong, Toke Billabong, Billabong 9, Billabong 32, Billabong 38, Billabong 21, Billabong 23, Billabong 25, Murray River, Ovens River, New South Wales, NSW, Victoria, VIC, radiocarbon dating, cladocera, macrophyte, macrofossils, pinus, chydoridae (? Ogden, R.W. 1996b The impacts of farming and river regulation on billabongs of the southeast Murray Basin, Australia Canberra Australian National University Hogans Billabong, Toke Billabong, Billabong 9, Billabong 32, Billabong 38, Billabong 21, Billabong 23, Billabong 25, Murray River, Ovens River, New South Wales, NSW, Victoria, VIC, radiocarbon dating, cladocera, macrophyte, macrofossils, pinus, chyd? Thoms, M. C.
R. Ogden
M. A. Reid 1999U Establishing the condition of lowland floodplain rivers: a palaeo-ecological approach 407-423 Freshwater Biology 41 2 Hogans Billabong, Toke Billabong, Billabong 9, Billabong 32, Billabong 38, Billabong 21, Billabong 23, Billabong 25, Murray River, Ovens River, New South Wales, NSW, Victoria, VIC, radiocarbon dating, cladocera, macrophyte, macrofossil, pinus, chydoridaeZ 1. Current approaches for determining river 'health' rely on the establishment of a 'reference' condition. This is often difficult to achieve for lowland floodplain river systems because of the lack of pristine or pre-impacted sites and process models capable of predicting the effect of natural and human disturbances.
2. Using examples from the River Murray, Australia, this paper highlights the benefits of using palaeo-ecological studies in deciding on benchmark or pre-European settlement conditions for lowland floodplain river systems.
3. Physical, chemical and biological analyses of sediment obtained from shallow cores (< 2 m) extracted from a variety of floodplain sites on the River Murray and its tributaries reveal the extent and timing of catchment disturbances on this lowland river. Rates of sedimentation have increased by an order of magnitude since settlement; sediments now being deposited are finer, having implications for the nutrient status of the floodplain and the accumulation of heavy metals associated with these sediments. There has also been a sustained drop in the macrophyte cover of billabongs in the area, as inferred by chydorid cladoceran assemblages. The pre-European settlement diatom assemblages do not resemble those presently accumulating in billabongs in the region.
4. Whilst initially developed for lentic studies, palaeo-ecological studies are relevant to the establishment of benchmark conditions for lowland floodplain rivers. They are relatively straightforward, incorporate both historical and contemporary ecological information and can be applied to any lowland system.
I http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00439.x% doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00439.x oridae PhD w_ t? De Deckker, P. 1982p Holocene Ostracods, other invertebrates and fish remains from cores of four maar lakes in southeastern Australia 183-220, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 94 Lake Gnotuk, Lake Keilambete, Lake Purrumbete, Lake Bullenmerri, Victoria, VIC, western plains, ostracods, amphipods, coxiella, radiocar ߬? Paterson, C. G.
K. F. Walker 1974r Recent history of Tanytarsus barbitarsus Freeman (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the sediments of a shallow saline lake 315-325 Marine and Freshwater Research 25G Lake Werowrap, Victoria, VIC, western plains, chironomids, macrofossilsT The present known distribution of Tanytarsus barbitarsis in Australia suggests that it is a halobiont species confined to lakes of high salinities, but of varying ionic composition. Experiments indicate that the species is capable of surviving and developing in waters of considerably lower salinity than suggested by its known natural habitat. A study of the history of the chironomid fauna of Lake Werowrap, as revealed by head capsule remains in two short sediment cores, showed that T. barbitarsis has fluctuated in abundance but appears to have been absent when Chironomus duplex was present in the lake. The facultative predator, Procladius paludicola, occurred sympatrically with T. barbitarsis during part of the lake's history. P. paludicola is perhaps the only chironomid that naturally occurs in association with T. barbitarsis. The apparent restriction of T. barbitarsis to highly saline waters may not be a direct result of its inability to tolerate waters of reduced salinity but may be, at least in part, due to its inability to compete with other tube building, sediment feeding chironomids.
7 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/126/paper/MF9740315.htm Full text d bon dating, macrofossils S0031-0182(01)00331-5 oi:10.1071/MF9740315 charcoal, fire Honours ogical indicators of water quality, and for environmental reconstruction, in southeast Tasmania, Australia Hobart University of Tasmania4 Pittwater, Tasmania, Tas, diatoms, TOC, 210Pb dating PhD H e, diatoms, palaeolimnology, total sedimentary carbon, nitrogen, sulphur
? 4 T H Donders
S G Haberle
G S Hope
F Wagner
H Visscher 2007~ Pollen evidence for the transition of the Eastern Australian climate system from the post-glacial to the present-day ENSO mode 1621-1637 Quaternary Science Reviews 26 11-12 Bega Swamp, Lake Euramoo, Lake Allom, Lake Frome, Club Lake, Fraser Island, Snowy Mountains, Barrington Tops, Atherton Tablelands, South Australia, SA, Queensland, Qld, New South Wales, NSW, pollen, radiocarbon dating June 2007d A review of Holocene climate patterns in eastern Australia is presented on the basis of a series of high-resolution pollen records across a North-to-South transect. Previously published radiocarbon data are calibrated into calendar years and fitted with an age-depth model. The resulting chronologies are used to compare past environmental changes and describe patterns of climate change on a calendar-age scale. Based on the present-day Australian climate patterns and impact of the El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the palynological data are interpreted and the prevalent climate mode throughout the Holocene could be reconstructed. Results show that early Holocene changes are strongly divergent and asynchronous between sites, while middle to late Holocene conditions are characterized by more arid and variable conditions and greater coupling between northern and southern sites, which is in agreement with increasing influence of ENSO.
A review of Holocene climate patterns in eastern Australia is presented on the basis of a series of high-resolution pollen records across a north-to-south transect. Previously published radiocarbon data are calibrated into calendar years and fitted with an age-depth model. The resulting chronologies are used to compare past environmental changes and describe patterns of climate change on a calendar-age scale. Based on the present-day Australian climate patterns and impact of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the palynological data are interpreted and the prevalent climate mode throughout the Holocene reconstructed. Results show that early Holocene changes are strongly divergent and asynchronous between sites, while middle to late Holocene conditions are characterized by more arid and variable conditions and greater coupling between northern and southern sites, which is in agreement with increasing influence of ENSO.
' http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBC-4NVSX0Y-1&_user=554534&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2007&_alid=594218559&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5923&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=4600c5e080bb5b2e6966bc172f634e4f' doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.11.018 l ? Sophie Bickford
Peter Gell 2005 Holocene vegetation change, Aboriginal wetland use and the impact of European settlement on the Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia 200-215 The Holocene 15 2Y Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, charcoal A fossil pollen and charcoal record from a cyperaceous swamp on the Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia, was investigated to provide a history of pre and post-European settlement vegetation change. It was found that the swamp initiated sometime before 8220 calibrated years BP. High rates of peat development and the expansion of swamp species between 7000 BP and 4500 cal. BP indicated wet conditions at that time. The swamp became drier in the late Holocene and some peat may have been lost through deflation. Macroscopic charcoal and Typha pollen suggested that Aborigines deliberately burned the upland wetlands during the mid to late Holocene. Prior to European settlement climate changes generated community shifts in the terrestrial vegetation. The record revealed a transition from an early Holocene Eucalyptus woodland to an Allocasuarina wet-heath in the humid mid-Holocene, a community type with no modern analogue in the region. In the drier late Holocene, a Eucalyptus-dominated woodland returned. The impacts of European settlement were clearly seen in changes in sedimentation rates and in both terrestrial and wetland flora. Allocasuarina verticillata declined early in the European period and fire tolerant species were promoted, before the almost complete removal of native vegetation through broad scale land clearance and its replacement with nonnative pasture species. Compositional changes to the swamp flora were marked through the European phase with Acacia expanding early in settlement and later being replaced by Leptospermum, in response to changed fire and regional hydrological regimes. The impact of European land use is discussed in relation to Holocene climate-driven vegetation changes and aspects of Aboriginal land use.
4 http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/2/200 DOI: 10.1191/0959683605hl800rp
? 0 Timme H. Donders
Friederike Wagner
Henk Visscher 2006 Late Pleistocene and Holocene subtropical vegetation dynamics recorded in perched lake deposits on Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia 417-4391 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 241 3-4a Lake Allom, Fraser Island, Queensland, Qld, radiocarbon dating, AMS, pollen, palynology, charcoal The dune system of Fraser Island in subtropical Queensland, Australia, contains numerous perched lakes with organic-rich sediments. These lakes are located in the subtropics and their water levels are strongly influenced by precipitation. The lakes act as natural rainfall gauges, which make them highly sensitive to environmental change.
Paleoecological and paleoclimatological investigations are performed on sediment cores from Lake Allom, a small perched lake on central Fraser Island. A detailed chronology is based on a series of closely spaced AMS-radiocarbon dates, supplemented with sedimentological information. Based on extrapolation, the chronology indicates an age range from 56 14C kyr BP to present, with a major hiatus occurring during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Pollen analysis of the Lake Allom sediment record reveals strong changes between rainforest and open woodland vegetation. The Holocene portion of the record shows a stepwise vegetation development, from dry conditions in the early Holocene, to high lake levels and increasing forest between 5.5 and 3 cal kyr BP. At 3–2 cal kyr BP, a large diversification occurred towards the present-day heterogeneous sub-tropical rainforest vegetation, followed by a small rainforest decline at 0.45 cal kyr BP. Additionally, charcoal analysis indicates increases in fire occurrence contemporaneously with periods of drier vegetation and/or low lake levels.
Part of the reconstructed vegetation changes can be related to local and regional factors including forest succession, dune formation, sea-level rise and human impact. Comparison with paleoclimate records from tropical and temperate regions indicates that the temporal and spatial dynamics of vegetation changes in eastern Australia are primarily controlled by climate variability. Particularly the increasing activity of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the late Holocene caused greater climate variability in eastern Australia, resulting in more heterogenous vegetation cover.
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-4K42821-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=11%2F14%2F2006&_alid=609065818&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=ba3d87df7eb90ec869a4beeb632d30d4#secx7( doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.04.008
? ) F. V. L. Hopf
E. A. Colhoun
C. E. Barton 2000d Late-glacial and Holocene record of vegetation and climate from Cynthia Bay, Lake St Clair, Tasmania 725-732 Journal of Quaternary Science 15 7V Cynthia Bay, Lake St Clair, Tasmania, Tas, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, AMS> A Late-glacial-Holocene pollen record was obtained from a 3.96 m sediment core taken from Lake St Clair, central Tasmania. Modern vegetation and pollen analyses formed the basis for interpretation of the vegetation and climate history. Following deglaciation and before ca. 18450 yr BP Podocarpus lawrencei coniferous heath and Astelia-Plantago wet alpine herbfield became established at Lake St Clair. A distinct Poaceae-Plantago peak occurs between 18450 and 11210 yr BP and a mean annual temperature depression from ca. 6.2°C to 3°C below present is inferred for this period. The marked reduction in Podocarpus and strong increase of Poaceae suggests reduced precipitation levels during the period of widespread deglaciation (ca. 18.5-11 kyr BP). The local Late Pleistocene-Holocene non-forest to forest biostratigraphical boundary is dated at 11.2 kyr BP. It is characterised by expansion of the subalpine taxa Athrotaxis/Diselma with Nothofagus gunnii, and by the establishment of Nothofagus cunninghamii with Eucalyptus spp. A Phyllocladus bulge prior to the expansion of Nothofagus cunninghamii, reported at other Tasmanian sites, is not present at Lake St Clair. Nothofagus cunninghamii cool temperate rainforest peaked at 7800 yr BP, probably under wetter climatic conditions than present. The maximum development of rainforest in the early-middle Holocene may indicate that the temperature was slightly warmer than present, but the evidence is not definitive. The expansion of Eucalyptus spp. and Poaceae after 6000 yr BP may be partly a disclimax effect as a result of Aboriginal burning, but appears also to reflect reduced precipitation. The changes in vegetation and inferred climate can be explained by major changes in synoptic patterns of southern Australia and the adjacent southwest Pacific. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.E http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/73502074/ABSTRACTZ Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1002/1099-1417(200010)15:7<725::AID-JQS563>3.0.CO;2-8 0033-5894(79)90078-4 ? Singh, Gurdip
Luly, Jon 1991e Changes in vegetation and seasonal climate since the last full glacial at Lake Frome, So 0.1016/S0031-0182(03)00542-X uth Australia 75-861 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 84 1-4Z Lake Frome, Strzelecki Desert, South Australia, SA, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating 1991/5/15Q Results are presented from stratigraphy, radiocarbon, and pollen analysis from Lake Frome, South Australia, close to the summer/winter rainfall boundary at 30° south latitude. The pollen sequence shows that tree vegetation was minor around 18,000 yr B.P. The landscape was dominated by chenopod low shrublands and ephemeral (Tubuliflorae) vegetation. By 17,000 yr B.P., Callitris moved in and rose to 25% of the pollen sum. Values of Casuarina, myrtaceous shrubs, Acacia, Dodonaea and Cyperaceae also rose at about the same time. Between 17,000 and 14,500 yr B.P., Callitris and Eucalyptus dominated the tree vegetation with Callitris reaching its maximum values. Eucalpt woodlands were associated with undershrubs belonging to Myrtaceae, Acacia, Dodonaea and Gyrostemonaceae, whereas Callitris woodlands had probably supported only a sparse understorey. Chenopodiaceae, today distributed mainly in the winter rainfall zone, continued to show high values (>; 25%). Gramineae, today associated with high summer rainfall, generally remained below 20%. The sporadic presence of a number of taxa, which now grow in temperate areas further south, suggest that average annual temperatures were a little lower than at present.
From 14,500 to 13,000 yr B.P. there was a sudden decline in the values of Callitris and a more gradual decline in Chenopodiaceae and Dodonaea. The rise of ephemeral vegetation together with a fall in Chenopodiaceae would indicate that winter precipitation had started to decline. Between 13,000 and 4500 yr B.P., Chenopodiaceae and Tubuliflorae (ephemerals) declined, and Gramineae rose to its highest values. Tribulus pollen, a subtropical/tropical taxon, first appeared 13,000 yr B.P. Overall, plants from the summer rainfall zone became more prominent, and taxa from the temperate south declined. Summer monsoon incursions apparently strengthened, and temperature increased during this phase.
Since 4500 yr B.P. both Chenopodiaceae and Tubuliflorae returned to high values whereas Gramineae declined. Values of Acacia and myrtaceous shrubs rose but those of Casuarina declined and Callitris remained extremely low. These changes were accompanied by the onset of playa environments, which have since persisted. Vegetation during this phase suggests that summer precipitation declined and summer monsoon incursions became rare during the late Holocene.
` http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6R-48DYXP9-60/2/f39958dfd409635389c11ce5b8dadd95! doi:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90036-Q http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V6R-48DYXP9-60-2&_cdi=5821&_user=554534&_orig=browse&_coverDate=05%2F15%2F1991&_sk=999159998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzz-zSkzV&md5=402ee4ffb99b727baf2c7c99d81a4b7a&ie=/sdarticle.pdf ? 0 J. M. Bowler
H. Qi
C. Kezao
M. J. Head
Y. Baoyin 1986k Radiocarbon dating of playa-lake hydrologic changes: examples from northwestern China and central Australia 241-2601 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 54F Lake Frome, Strzelecki Desert, South Australia, SA, radiocarbon dating Accurate radiocarbon dating of arid-zone playas is restricted by shortage of suitable organic matter. Analyses from two large systems in Australia (Lake Frome) and China (Qarhan playa in the Qaidam Basin) demonstrate the problems associated with the use of carbonates for dating. Organic carbon, although requiring treatment of large samples (1–2 kg), provides the most accurate basis for establishing chronologic control.
In Qarhan, a deposit of halite averaging about 30 m thick, extends over an area of 5800 km2. Carbonate in the system is dominantly derived as clastics from loess transported by northwesterly winds. The large component of dead carbon thus involved explains anomalous patterns of dates derived from these materials. Such results are consistently much older than those based on organic carbon.
In Lake Frome, subject to a more maritime climate in central Australia, the carbonate component is dominantly authigenic lacustrine in origin contaminated by a small detrital component. It provides ages about one half-life older than those from organic carbon.
The sequence from Qarhan, supplemented by evidence of lacustral (pluvial) episodes in two other sub-basins in Qaidam, Kunteyi and Xiao Qaidam, illustrates the presence there of expanded waterbodies persisting from at least 40,000 to about 15,000 yr B.P. in areas where little surface-water persists today. The large evaporite deposits formed between about 25,000 to sometime after 15,000 yr B.P. Holocene climate appears to have remained hyperarid like that of today.
At Lake Frome, an early lacustral phase gave way before 18,000 yr B.P. to drying and aeolian activity. Water had returned to the system by 16,000 yr B.P. signalling a decline if not the end of aridity. Lacustrine conditions persisted through early Holocene with drying and development of playa facies about 7000 yr B.P. After a brief return to lacustrine conditions between about 6000-4000 yr B.P. a dry playa environment has continued to the present day.
The Frome and Qarhan playas, although in comparable latitudes lie in very different climatic and tectonic settings. Their palaeohydrologic records are neither in phase nor in distinct anti-phase emphasizing the complexity of comparing palaeoclimatic records from different circulation systems. m http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-48C7FKB-G9&_user=554534&_coverDate=05%2F15%2F1986&_rdoc=16&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%231986%23999459998%23567311%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=2a58283d4e6ed24dbcaea8b8e5526e5f! doi:10.1016/0031-0182(86)90127-6 , 210Pb dating !Xnature and variability of sites, the rates of limnological change and biological responses and the feasibility of rehabilitation targets. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. F http://www3.inters h cience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/110429136/ABSTRACT1 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1002/rra.845 A.fr/~iahs/
http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/redbooks/a306/306048.htm ?
Hancock, G.J. 2001 Sediment accumulation in central Moreton Bay as determined from sediment core profiles. Report on Sediment Source Project Phase 3, Part A Canberra CSIRO Land and WaterG Moreton Bay, Queensland, Qld, sedimentation, 210Pb dating, 137Cs datingw? + Reid, M.A.
Tibby, J.C.
Penny, D.
Gell, P.A. 1995; The use of diatoms to assess past and present water quality 57-64 Australian Journal of Ecology 20 1 diatomsC Diatoms possess a number of attributes which contribute to their suitability as biological indicators. They are highly sensitive to water chemistry changes, abundant in aquatic environments, largely cosmopolitan in distribution, less habitat dependent than macroinverte-brates and have a well-studied taxonomy and ecology. Furthermore, the preservation of diatom valves in lake sediments means that they can provide otherwise unavailable baseline data which can be used to assess and contextualize human impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The value of diatoms as bioindicators in contemporary and palaeolimnological studies has been well established overseas. Despite this, they have been under-utilized in Australia. This paper outlines some of the applications and potential for the use of diatoms as biological indicators in Australia.
K http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1995.tb00522.x' doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1995.tb00522.x H (X? S Kershaw, A. P.
Tibby, J. C.
Penny, D.
Yesdani, H.
Walkley, R.
Cook, E.
Johnston, R. 2004f Latest Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation and environmental history of the Western Plains of Victoria 141-163, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 116 11 pollen, palynology, western plains, Victoria, VIC? Dodson, J.R.
Mooney, S.D. 2002 An assessment of historic human impact on south-eastern Australian environmental systems, using late Holocene rates of environmental change 455-464 Australian Journal of Botany 50 41 charcoal, fire, pollen, palynology, sedimentation The late Holocene of south-eastern Australia was typified by stable climate, vegetation and sedimentary regimes, in relative equilibrium with Aboriginal land use and fire management. The arrival of Europeans, with the associated vegetation clearance, introduction of exotic plants and animals, notably for grazing and agriculture and a change in fire regimes, resulted in changes in vegetation and sedimentary patterns. Impacts varied in type and magnitude through the region and evidence of impacts that is preserved varies with sedimentary setting. Here we take a number of proxy measures of vegetation change, fire history, erosion and weathering from six sediment sections across south-eastern Australia and use an index to measure overall rate of change. This shows that the vegetation and environmental systems of south-eastern Australia have been very sensitive to human impact following European settlement. 4 http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT01031.htm Full text doi:10.1071/BT01031 arbon dating! Sedimentary, palynological and diatom data from a dunefield lake deposit in the interior of Vanderlin Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria are presented. Prior to the formation of present perennial lake conditions, the intensified Australian monsoon associated with the early Holocene marine transgression allowed Cyperaceae sedges to colonise the alluvial margins of an expansive salt flat surrounded by an open Eucalyptus woodland. As sea level stabilised between 7500 and 4500 cal yr B.P. coastal dunes ceased to develop allowing dense Melaleuca forest to establish in a Restionaceae swamp. Dune-sand input into the swamp was diminished further as the increasingly dense vegetation prevented fluvial and aeolian transported sand arriving from coastal sources. This same process impounded the drainage basin allowing a perennial lake to form between 5500 and 4000 cal yr B.P. Myriophyllum and other aquatic taxa colonised the lake periphery under the most extensive woodland recorded for the Holocene. The palynological data support an effective precipitation model proposed for northern Australia that suggests more variable conditions in the late Holocene. A more precise measure of effective precipitation change is provided by diatom-based inferences that indicate few changes in lake hydrology. Such interpretations are explained in terms of palynological sensitivity to adjustments in local fire regimes where regional precipitation change may only be recorded indirectly through fire promoting mechanisms, including intensified ENSO periodicity and human impact. d http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-4H74M7G-1&_user=554534&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2005&_rdoc=9&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236995%232005%23999359996%23609945%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=20&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=f6874c511c57be351c738d89eb860fda# doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.005 9 Late Quaternary Tropical Ecosystem Dynamics Special Issue ? Rowe, C. 2007t A palynological investigation of Holocene vegetation change in Torres Strait, seasonal tropics of northern Australia 83-1031 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251k Mua Island, Badu Islands, Torres Strait, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, AMS, fire The islands of Torres Strait occupy a shallow area of submerged continental shelf narrowly separating Cape York Peninsula, Australia, from New Guinea. The human history of Torres Strait is unique with respect to mainland northern Australia. Island vegetation, however, exhibits a strong affinity with the environments of the western lowlands regions of Cape York Peninsula and with the vegetation of seasonal tropical Australia in general. Cape York Peninsula is both climatically and biologically diverse, yet few pollen studies have been carried out in its seasonally tropical environments. A summary presentation of palynological results, tracing the nature of vegetation change in Torres Strait, offers a possible framework for vegetation changes in similar environments on mainland Australia and also provides an opportunity to explore the relationship between Quaternary change in humid–tropical Australian environments and their seasonal–tropical counterparts.
Six pollen records from Torres Strait provide evidence of vegetation change and fire history over approximately the last 8000 years. Near-shore sediments reveal a Holocene succession in vegetation incorporating lower-tidal mangrove, upper-tidal mangrove, saltmarsh and freshwater swamp communities. Extensive stable mangrove communities dominated coastal Torres Strait between approximately 6000 and 3000 radiocarbon years before present (yr BP). Inland, the strongest Myrtaceae-forest and rainforest representation occurs around the mid-Holocene only to be replaced by open sclerophyll woodlands, as tree density and diversity decline in the last 3000 years. The development of continuous island freshwater swamp conditions, at the coast and inland, is similarly restricted to the late Holocene (c. 2600 yr BP) and fire, as a prominent feature in the Torres Strait environment, is also a relatively recent phenomenon. Comparisons with regional mainland Australian palynological records reveal a degree of consistency in results from Torres Strait suggesting a similarity in late Quaternary trends through Australian humid and seasonally tropical environments. A number of differences, however, are also apparent, highlighting a degree of diversity which warrants further attention.
r http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-4N9DK4F-2&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F25%2F2007&_rdoc=8&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%232007%23997489998%23662476%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=12&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=44581f164f6eae92525d935395a98f15#ack001" doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.019 k?
Walker, D. 2007 Holocene sediments of Lake Barrine, north-east Australia, and their implications for the history of lake and catchment environments 57-821 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251 1n Lake Barrine, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Qld, pollen, palynology, radiocarbon dating, sediment modellingz Lake Barrine (17° 15′ S, 145° 38′ E, 721 m a.s.l.) lies in a maar crater surrounded by tropical rainforest. Its surface area is 1 km2 and its maximum depth 67 m. It has no inflow streams and an outlet only active in the wet summer months. The sediments underlying the lake have been investigated by numerous Mackereth cores and in-situ frozen slabs. In addition to lithological descriptions, selected samples have been analysed for grain size, bulk density and combustible content, mineralogy and chemistry, palaeomagnetism, pollen and charcoal. A chronology was established from radiocarbon dating of 211 sediment samples. The deposits are divisible into three main strata. Between about 16 ka and 9.7 ka cal BP they are mainly inorganic representing occasional, very energetic, inwash from the lightly vegetated inner walls of the crater; only a few small enclaves were perennially flooded. Between 9.7 and 5.4 ka cal BP sediments were, for the most part, finely grained with a substantial organic component. Their indications are of a water level rising overall but not at a constant rate. From time to time erosion and redeposition of marginal materials and older sediments took place. By 7.3 ka BP, as rainforest began to cover the catchment, the water level had risen sufficiently for reducing conditions to be established in its deeps and subsequent deposits indicated pedogenesis beneath the forest and reduced runoff to the lake. Between 9.7 and 7.3 ka cal BP the catchment erosion rate was 859 kg (dry wt) ha− 1 ka− 1 but this fell to 267 kg ha− 1 ka− 1 from 7.3 to 5.4 ka cal BP. From 5.4 ka cal BP to the present, the sediments beneath > 55 m of the modern lake are strongly and finely laminated. This was the result of intermittent relocation of detritus from shallower to deeper water when the lake's thermal stability was reduced by unusually low winter temperatures, the resultant lamination being preserved under a persistent monimolimnion. Lamination counts indicate that this has happened more than a thousand times in the last 5.4 ka. By 3.2 ka cal BP the water level had reached the modern outlet and its oscillations thereby minimised. Between 5.4 ka cal BP and 3.2 ka cal BP, the catchment sediment yield was 112 kg ha− 1 ka− 1, rising to 146 kg ha− 1 ka− 1 thereafter. In the period between 9.7 and 3.2 ka cal BP the lake volume increased from virtually nothing to almost 36 Gl.
k http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-4NC4MGC-1&_user=554534&_coverDate=07%2F25%2F2007&_rdoc=7&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235821%232007%23997489998%23662476%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5821&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=12&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=6e933cee64b2ee1313b3b6e9b8314808! doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.025 1aper/MF97261.htm Full text doi:10.1071/MF97261 5968300671950228 [n=0&_userid=554534&md5=fce761696985952ab1841f45cec4a7e4! doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.017 , 0-06.pdf! Report to Gippsland Coastal Board r 2001 Technical Report 47/01 001.00085.x >3.0.CO;2-Y ? " Head, L.
Atchison, J.
Fullagar, R. 2002t Country and Garden. Ethnobotany, archaeobotany and Aboriginal landscapes near the Keep River, northwestern Australia 173-196 Journal of Social Archaeology 2 2o Keep River, Jinmium, Granilpi, Punipunil, Northern Territory, NT, archaeology, macrofossils, radiocarbon dating4 We examine spatial and temporal variability in Aboriginal plant use in the Keep River region, northwestern Australia, using ethnobotanical and archaeobotanical evidence. The concepts of country and garden, and domain, domus and domiculture (after Chase), are used to problematize important variables such as scale, boundedness and landscape transformation, and incorporate notions of social space. We focus on three main examples: yam patches, fruit trees and a modern domestic garden. The interplay between social and ecological processes, and the characteristics of human intervention, are examined in each case. In combination with archaeological data relating to fruit seed processing, we discern patterns of plant manipulation over a period of 3500 years, focusing on the changes associated with European arrival.
3 http://jsa.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/2/173 DOI: 10.1177/1469605302002002394 ?
Smith, C. 2004T Dating indigenous occupation in the Barunga region, NT: AINSE Progress Report 02/125 SydneyO Droopney, Northern Territory, NT, radiocarbon dating, macrofossils, archaeology \ ? Pearson, S.
Dodson, J. R. 1993O Stick-nest rat middens as sources of paleoecological data in Australian deserts 347-354 Quaternary Research 39i Bungalbin Hill, Young Range, stick-nest rat middens, radiocarbon dating, pollen, palynology, macrofossils The existing paleoenvironmental data from the Australian arid zone lack sensitivity and come from only a few sites. Macrofossils and pollen from four dated middens of the stick-nest rat (Leporillus spp.) were analyzed from two sites in Western Australia. Animal and plant macrofossil remains were well preserved and provided evidence of change in species distribution within the last 1150 yr. Brush-tail possum and golden bandicoot have contracted their ranges in the recent past, possibly since the introduction of cats into Australia. An undescribed lacewing was also a significant find. Pollen preserved in parts of the same midden and in middens from different sites indicates that records are sensitive to the composition of the local vegetation when the midden was built. Pollen spectra are quite different from playa lakes, which record largely regional vegetation. Pollen preserved in the fecal pellets, desiccated urine, and grass mat nesting material provided similar information but some differences were apparent, suggesting dietary preferences were reflected in the fecal component. The pollen record suggested a trend to less-wooded vegetation cover in central Australia between 900 and 300 yr B.P. h http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WPN-45P69TS-1Y&_user=554534&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1993&_rdoc=9&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236995%231993%23999609996%23311078%23FLT%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6995&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=17&_acct=C000028338&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=554534&md5=b2c45c460e94172362c10294decaee4b doi:10.1006/qres.1993.1041 ? Webeck, K.
Pearson, S. 2005S Stick-nest rat middens and a late-Holocene record of White Range, central Australia 466-471 The Holocene 15] White Range, Northern Territory, NT, stick-nest rat middens, radiocarbon dating, macrofossils Stick-nest rat middens are preserved piles of macrofossils that record changes in plants and animals during the late Holocene at White Range. The builders, Lesser Stick-nest Rats (Leporillus apicalis), after at least 2500 years in the area, became extinct during the Modern radiocarbon period. The rats' collection of plant and animal material provides an ecological survey of the site during this period. The species composition of the vegetation has apparently responded to increased Aboriginal populations, fire incidence or rainfall in the last 2500 years. A dramatic increase in tree and shrub material between 2510±40 BP and 835±62 BP at the expense of herbs is possibly related to increasing moisture availability. The middens record a collapse of trees and shrubs by 606±136 BP then a strong recovery. Grasses have generally decreased in importance throughout the record. Bones of the Central Rock Rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus), which is currently restricted to the western MacDonnell Ranges, were found in middens dated at 433±60 BP. Information about long-term changes in Australia's arid areas is accessible using the middens of stick-nest rats and provides a useful long-term perspective for environmental management.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=15&did=824957801&SrchMode=3&sid=4&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1188374944&clientId=20870&aid=1 DOI: 10.1191/0959683605hl822rr F? Coutts, P.
Lorblanchet, M. 1982> Aboriginals and rock art in the Grampians, Victoria, Australia. Records of the Victorian Archaeological Survey 12X Grampians, Glenisla, Drual, Victoria, VIC, radiocarbon dating, archaeology, macrofossils8 ?
Schrire, C. 1982V The Alligator Rivers prehistory and ecology in western Arnhem Land. Terra Australis, 7( Australian National University, Canberra Department of Prehistory, RSPASm Alligator River, Paribari, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, NT, macrofossils, radiocarbon dating, archaeology