Regionally extinct taxa and vegetation dynamics in an Early Pleistocene palynological record from Pejark Marsh, a volcanic maar in the Western Plains of Victoria

Barbara Wagstaff1, Peter Kershaw2 and Paul OíSullivan3

1. Centre for Palynology and Palaeoecology, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.

2. Centre for Palynology and Palaeoecology, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.

3. Department of Earth Sciences, 204 Heroy Geology Laboratory, Syracuse University, New York 13244, USA

A fission-track dated discontinuous palynological record from Pejark Marsh, a volcanic maar near Terang in the southeastern Western plains of Victoria, shows evidence of the nature of vegetation dynamics in the region from the Early to Mid Pleistocene period. Represented amongst the minor pollen taxa, of predominantly rainforest affinity, are some that are now regionally extinct. The determination of which taxa were reworked from the underlying Oligo-Miocene Gellibrand Marl and which were coeval with the Early Pleistocene pollen record proved difficult and a number of occurrences are still uncertain. Overall the major pollen taxa recorded are similar to those that have dominated the vegetation of the region during the late Quaternary, with evidence of variation from forest during the warm and moist interglacials to dry steppe and open woodland during glacial periods. However, this variability is subdued in the basal part of the sequence, while the upper part shows marked oscillations. It is likely that extinctions and the increase in the strength of vegetation cycles are due to the development of increased climatic variability, particularly increased aridity during glacial periods, in the Middle to Late Pleistocene. Overall, the Early Pleistocene pollen record of Pejark Marsh represents an extension of the vegetation history of the Western Plains to form part of a developing regional Quaternary biostratigraphy.